Table 4.
|
|
Correction/standardization applied to the biomarker concentrations |
|
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
No correction (Crude concentrations, μ g/l)a (1) |
Case – control sampling only ( μ g/l)a (2) |
Case – control sampling and creatinine ( μ g/g Cr)b (3) |
Correction for case – control sampling and standardization for sampling conditions including creatinine c ( μ g/l)a (4) |
Correction for case – control sampling and standardization for sampling conditions excluding creatinine d ( μ g/l)a (5) |
Median change (5 – 2)e |
Correlation standardized – unstandardized (5)(2) f |
||||||||||
Compound | n | Median | 25th | 75th | Median | 25th | 75th | Median | 25th | 75th | Median | 25th | 75th | Median | 25th | 75th | ||
Phthalate monoester metabolites | ||||||||||||||||||
MEHHP + MEOHP + MECPP + MEHP ( μ mol/l) |
287 |
0.36 |
0.18 |
0.62 |
0.37 |
0.17 |
0.61 |
0.32 |
0.19 |
0.53 |
0.53 |
0.29 |
0.86 |
0.58 |
0.32 |
1.06 |
+ 56% |
0.94 |
MiBP |
287 |
50 |
29 |
97.5 |
45.9 |
30.2 |
84.0 |
45.7 |
28.0 |
71.9 |
59.2 |
39.0 |
101.5 |
64.7 |
41.2 |
119.3 |
+ 41% |
0.94 |
MBP |
287 |
57.5 |
30.5 |
104 |
48.1 |
28.9 |
86.7 |
48.5 |
27.6 |
75.5 |
57.5 |
35.9 |
86.4 |
58.1 |
34.3 |
105.6 |
+ 21% |
0.96 |
MCCP |
287 |
2.40 |
1.40 |
4.80 |
2.20 |
1.30 |
4.30 |
1.93 |
1.37 |
3.20 |
2.74 |
1.76 |
4.91 |
3.15 |
1.69 |
5.54 |
+ 43% |
0.94 |
MBzP |
287 |
18.5 |
10.4 |
40.3 |
17.7 |
9.3 |
33.5 |
16.0 |
8.6 |
28.0 |
20.4 |
9.7 |
42.9 |
21.7 |
9.6 |
57.7 |
+23% |
0.88 |
MEP |
287 |
112 |
49.0 |
236 |
110 |
53.3 |
215 |
106 |
54.4 |
198 |
103 |
58.7 |
196 |
105 |
53.9 |
240 |
− 5% |
0.95 |
MCNP |
287 |
1.90 |
1.10 |
3.40 |
1.70 |
1.10 |
3.00 |
1.59 |
1.15 |
2.51 |
2.89 |
2.05 |
5.00 |
3.06 |
1.89 |
5.63 |
+80% |
0.95 |
MCOP |
287 |
3.10 |
1.50 |
6.20 |
2.70 |
1.40 |
5.10 |
2.37 |
1.44 |
4.58 |
3.81 |
2.04 |
7.39 |
3.89 |
2.12 |
7.93 |
+44% |
0.93 |
Phenols |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,4-DCP |
191 |
0.90 |
0.50 |
1.60 |
0.90 |
0.50 |
1.50 |
0.78 |
0.51 |
1.48 |
0.78 |
0.47 |
1.51 |
0.77 |
0.49 |
1.59 |
− 14% |
0.98 |
2,5-DCP |
191 |
10.30 |
4.10 |
26.8 |
10.2 |
4.10 |
26.50 |
8.88 |
4.27 |
24.4 |
6.73 |
3.08 |
23.3 |
6.37 |
2.92 |
25.6 |
− 38% |
0.95 |
Sum of Parabens ( μ mol/l) |
191 |
0.90 |
0.28 |
2.36 |
0.86 |
0.27 |
2.45 |
0.81 |
0.29 |
2.15 |
0.86 |
0.30 |
2.31 |
0.95 |
0.29 |
2.32 |
+10% |
0.98 |
BP3 |
191 |
1.60 |
0.60 |
4.10 |
1.70 |
0.70 |
4.40 |
1.63 |
0.64 |
4.19 |
1.13 |
0.59 |
3.87 |
1.30 |
0.54 |
4.04 |
− 24% |
0.96 |
BPA |
191 |
2.80 |
1.60 |
4.90 |
2.70 |
1.70 |
5.50 |
2.50 |
1.62 |
4.49 |
3.06 |
1.80 |
5.26 |
3.11 |
1.92 |
6.11 |
+15% |
0.95 |
Triclosan | 191 | 24.8 | 4.0 | 174 | 24.1 | 3.80 | 173 | 26.7 | 3.20 | 168.1 | 18.1 | 2.50 | 96.2 | 17.5 | 2.62 | 101.1 | − 27% | 0.99 |
We applied correction factors of 0.66 and 0.72 to the monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations, respectively, because the analytic standards used were of inadequate purity.
a For metabolites of DEHP and sum of parabens, concentrations are reported in μ mol/l.
b For metabolites of DEHP and sum of parabens, corrected concentrations are reported in μ mol/g Creatinine. Correction for creatinine was performed by dividing biomarker concentrations by creatinine concentration.
c Results corrected for over-representation of cases according to Richardson et al. (2007) and standardized for all sampling conditions (including creatinine) using formula (1) in the methods section.
d Results corrected for over-representation of cases according to Richardson et al. (2007) and standardized for sampling conditions (excluding creatinine) using formula (1) in the methods section.
e Relative changes in the median concentration of urinary biomarkers between the estimates of column (5) and (2).
f Coefficient of correlation (Pearson) between non-standardized biomarkers levels corrected for the case – control sampling and concentrations corrected for the case – control sampling and standardized for all sampling conditions excluding creatinine.