Table 2.
Odds ratios (ORs) of having hearing difficulties in men (n=9 287)
| |
Model 1:
Crude |
|
Model 2:
Age-adjusteda |
|
Model 3:
Age- and SES-adjusteda |
|
Model 4:
Full factoriala,b |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variable | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||
|
Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20-24 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
25-34 |
|
1.39 (1.00-1.94) |
|
|
|
1.60 (1.14-2.24) |
|
1.59 (1.13-2.24) |
|
35-44 |
|
1.95 (1.43-2.67) |
|
|
|
2.33 (1.67-3.24) |
|
2.28 (1.63-3.19) |
|
45-54 |
|
2.88 (2.12-3.92) |
|
|
|
3.41 (2.46-4.73) |
|
3.28 (2.35-4.56) |
|
55-64 |
|
5.95 (4.41-8.02) |
|
|
|
7.08 (5.14-9.75) |
|
6.54 (4.72-9.05) |
|
SES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Professional work level |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Intermediate non-manual work level |
|
1.43 (1.13-1.81) |
|
1.43 (1.13-1.82) |
|
|
|
1.39 (1.09-1.76) |
|
Assistant non-manual work level |
|
1.30 (0.97-1.73) |
|
1.34 (1.00-1.79) |
|
|
|
1.25 (0.93-1.67) |
|
Self-employed non-professional work level |
|
1.75 (1.35-2.26) |
|
1.59 (1.23-2.07) |
|
|
|
1.51 (1.16-1.96) |
|
Skilled manual work level |
|
2.11 (1.70-2.64) |
|
2.38 (1.90-2.99) |
|
|
|
2.17 (1.73-2.74) |
|
Unskilled/semiskilled manual work level |
|
1.93 (1.54-2.41) |
|
2.19 (1.75-2.75) |
|
|
|
1.98 (1.57-2.50) |
|
Students |
|
0.76 (0.51-1.13) |
|
1.84 (1.21-2.82) |
|
|
|
1.66 (1.05-2.61) |
|
Type of living area |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Urban |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
Semi-urban |
|
1.31 (1.13-1.52) |
|
1.29 (1.11-1.50) |
|
1.19 (1.02-1.39) |
|
1.18 (1.01-1.38) |
|
Sparsely populated |
|
1.54 (1.32-1.79) |
|
1.41 (1.20-1.65) |
|
1.23 (1.05-1.44) |
|
1.22 (1.03-1.43) |
|
Country of birth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sweden |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
Elsewhere |
|
0.97 (0.80-1.17) |
|
1.01 (0.83-1.23) |
|
0.95 (0.78-1.16) |
|
0.96 (0.79-1.18) |
|
Main income source |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Work |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
Unemployment benefits |
|
1.33 (1.03-1.71) |
|
1.34 (1.03-1.73) |
|
1.23 (0.94-1.60) |
|
1.22 (0.94-1.59) |
|
Sickness benefits/disability pension |
2.39 (2.00-2.85) |
|
1.55 (1.29-1.87) |
|
1.36 (1.13-1.65) |
|
1.36 (1.12-1.65) |
|
| Other | 0.74 (0.57-0.98) | 1.08 (0.81-1.43) | 1.07 (0.78-1.45) | 1.09 (0.80-1.48) | ||||
aAge included as a categorical variable. bIncluded independent variables are age, socio-economic status (SES), type of living area, country of birth, and main income source.