Table 1. Comparison of protein levels across final diagnostic categories.

	(I) finaldiagnosticcategory	(J) finaldiagnosticcategory	MeanDifference(I–J)	Std. Error	Sig.	95% CILowerbound	95% CIUpperbound
Dunnett T3	no diagnosis	confounding pathologies	−.33166	.20616	.316	−.8650	.2017
		bladder cancer	−.46508	.18809	.073	−.9667	.0366
	confounding pathologies	no diagnosis	.33166	.20616	.316	−.2017	.8650
		bladder cancer	−.13342	.12194	.621	−.4352	.1684
	bladder cancer	no diagnosis	.46508	.18809	.073	−.0366	.9667
		Confounding pathologies	.13342	.12194	.621	−.1684	.4352

Urinary protein levels measured in 120 patients with hematuria were related to final diagnostic categories in (ANOVA; p = 0.022). Subsequently, we carried out a one way ANOVA with post-hoc Dunnett T3 analyses using log₁₀ transformed protein data. Higher protein levels were measured in urine from patients diagnosed with bladder cancer in comparison to those with no diagnosis (p = 0.073). There were no significant differences between the protein levels measured in patients with confounding pathologies and levels measured in the urines from bladder cancer patients (p = 0.621) or between patients with no diagnosis and patients with confounding pathologies (p = 0.316).