Table II.
Physical, cytological, and genotoxicity end-points in mouse urines, as related to exposure to MCS and treatment with chemopreventive agents
| End-point | Sham | MCS | MCS + myo-inositol | MCS + pioglitazone | MCS + bexarotene | MCS + SAHA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | M | F | |
| After 2 months | ||||||||||||
| Urine pH | 7.2±0.2 | 7.2±0.2 | 6.2±0.2a | 6.3±0.3a | 7.0±0.1b | 7.0±0.6c | 6.5±0.2a | 6.3±0.1a | 6.5±0.5 | 6.3±0.3a | 6.3±0.4a | 6.3±0.3a |
| Transitional cells (%) | 97.5 | 98.2 | 96.2 | 97.8 | 93.0 | 96.9 | 92.8 | 92.1 | 94.8 | 93.2 | 90.2 | 87.9 |
| Leukocytes (%) | 2.5 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 7.0 | 3.1 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 9.8 | 12.1 |
| Dead cells (%) | 4.6 | 4.1 | 18.0 | 6.9 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 32.1 | 34.6 | 34.5 | 30.0 |
| DNA damage in exfoliated cells (TM) | 22.9±1.6 | 15.8±1.8 | 78.0±5.2a | 34.4±2.7a | 18.8±2.1c | 11.4±0.7c | 17.5±1.3c | 13.8±3.2c | NT | NT | NT | NT |
| After 4 months | ||||||||||||
| Urine pH | 7.1±0.3 | 7.2±0.1 | 6.0±0.3a | 6.2±0.2a | 7.1±0.2b | 7.0±0.5c | 6.4±0.2a | 6.2±0.2a | 6.2±0.4d | 6.4±0.1a | 6.2±0.2a | 6.3±0.2a |
| Transitional cells (%) | 95.4 | 96.7 | 95.5 | 98.4 | 99.5 | 96.9 | 93.4 | 94.1 | 91.2 | 89.3 | 87.9 | 79.3 |
| Leukocytes (%) | 4.6 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 9.8 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 20.7 |
| Dead cells (%) | 18.1 | 15.1 | 21.4 | 28.0 | 13.8 | 2.0 | 14.4 | 10.9 | 35.6 | 42.1 | 36.2 | 31.5 |
| DNA damage in exfoliated cells (TM) | 42.4±13.6 | 31.4±8.0 | 125.5±14.1a | 118.8±7.6d | 94.2±11.8 | 69.8±7.6c | 52.2±1.9c | 72.9±11.1c | NT | NT | NT | NT |
Comet data are means ± standard error of quadruplicate analyses. NT, not tested.
a P < 0.05, as compared with sham-exposed mice of the same gender.
b P < 0.01, as compared with MCS-exposed mice of the same gender.
c P < 0.05, as compared with MCS-exposed mice of the same gender.
d P < 0.01, as compared with sham-exposed mice of the same gender.