Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
|
IADL |
PSMS |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improved/ unchanged | Deteriorated | Pvalue | Improved/ unchanged | Deteriorated | Pvalue | |
|
Variable |
n = 383 (49%) |
n = 401 (51%) |
|
n = 578 (74%) |
n = 206 (26%) |
|
| Female gender |
232 (61%) |
264 (66%) |
0.138 |
360 (62%) |
136 (66%) |
0.356 |
| APOE ε4 carrier, (n=771) |
257 (68%) |
268 (68%) |
1.000 |
387 (68%) |
138 (68%) |
1.000 |
| Solitary living at baseline |
116 (30%) |
141 (35%) |
0.149 |
184 (32%) |
73 (35%) |
0.343 |
| Antihypertensives/Cardiac therapy |
156 (41%) |
158 (39%) |
0.716 |
237 (41%) |
77 (38%) |
0.407 |
| Anti-diabetics |
19 (5%) |
14 (3%) |
0.374 |
29 (5%) |
4 (2%) |
0.068 |
| Lipid-lowering agents |
46 (12%) |
39 (10%) |
0.358 |
65 (11%) |
20 (10%) |
0.603 |
| Estrogens |
21 (5%) |
35 (9%) |
0.095 |
37 (6%) |
19 (9%) |
0.206 |
| NSAIDs/Acetylsalicylic acid |
116 (30%) |
117 (29%) |
0.755 |
173 (30%) |
60 (29%) |
0.929 |
| Anti-depressants |
91 (24%) |
107 (27%) |
0.366 |
131 (23%) |
67 (33%) |
0.007 |
| Anti-psychotics |
11 (3%) |
20 (5%) |
0.145 |
20 (3%) |
11 (5%) |
0.296 |
| Anxiolytics/Sedatives/Hypnotics |
54 (14%) |
51 (13%) |
0.601 |
70 (12%) |
35 (17%) |
0.094 |
|
Variable |
Mean ± standard deviation |
Pvalue |
Mean ± standard deviation |
Pvalue |
||
| Estimated age at onset, years |
71.8 ± 7.2 |
71.9 ± 7.7 |
0.969 |
71.5 ± 7.7 |
72.9 ± 6.8 |
0.023 |
| Age at first assessment, years |
74.8 ± 7.1 |
75.0 ± 7.1 |
0.678 |
74.6 ± 7.4 |
76.0 ± 6.3 |
0.007 |
| Education, years |
9.3 ± 2.4 |
9.4 ± 2.5 |
0.388 |
9.4 ± 2.5 |
9.3 ± 2.5 |
0.755 |
| MMSE score at baseline |
21.6 ± 3.8 |
21.1 ± 3.8 |
0.116 |
21.8 ± 3.5 |
20.0 ± 4.1 |
<0.001 |
| ADAS-cog score (0–70) at baseline |
20.0 ± 8.9 |
21.4 ± 8.9 |
0.030 |
19.5 ± 8.5 |
24.1 ± 9.1 |
<0.001 |
| IADL score at baseline |
16.4 ± 5.9 |
15.3 ± 4.8 |
0.005 |
15.1 ± 5.3 |
18.1 ± 5.1 |
<0.001 |
| PSMS score at baseline |
7.5 ± 2.2 |
7.5 ± 2.1 |
0.969 |
7.4 ± 2.1 |
7.7 ± 2.3 |
0.113 |
| Number of medications at baseline | 3.0 ± 2.5 | 2.7 ± 2.3 | 0.216 | 2.8 ± 2.4 | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 0.101 |
ADAS-cog Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale, APOE apolipoprotein E, IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PSMS Physical Self-Maintenance Scale.