(A) The viable cells were quantified by using the MTT assay and data presented absorbance as percentages of respective controls (means ± SD, n = 3). (B) Apoptotic cells, stained with Annexin V and propidium iodide, were quantified by flow cytometry with the negative control (PBS group) and the positive control (colchicines group) (means ± SD, n = 3, *
P<0.01 vs control of group). (C), (D) & (E) The migrated cells were observed in a modified Boyden Chamber assay with HE staining (×400). Data are presented as a percentage of inhibition (n = 3. C, #
P<0.05, *
P<0.01, a: vs group 1, b: vs group 4. D, #
P<0.05, *
P<0.01 vs control group 2. E, #
P<0.05, *
P<0.01, a: vs group 1, b: vs group 3, c: vs group 4).