Table 2.
Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fractures in people with multiple sclerosis compared with the reference cohort
|
Fracture (ICD code†) |
Observed |
Expected |
Rate Ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Exact P value |
| All fractures‡ |
4414 |
2238.3 |
1.99 (1.93-2.05) |
<0.001* |
| Ribs (S22.2-S22.4 ) |
161 |
130 |
1.24 (1.06-1.45) |
0.007 |
| Clavicle (S42.0) |
83 |
52.6 |
1.59 (1.26-1.97) |
<0.001* |
| Humerus (S42.2-S42.4, S42.7) |
415 |
204.2 |
2.05 (1.86-2.26) |
<0.001* |
| Forearm (S52) |
448 |
493.5 |
0.91 (0.82-1.00) |
0.042 |
| Wrist/Hand (S62) |
157 |
188.1 |
0.83 (0.71-0.98) |
0.025 |
| Pelvis/Lumbar spine (S32.0-S32.8) |
293 |
187.7 |
1.57 (1.39-1.76) |
<0.001* |
| Tibia/Ankle (S82) |
1393 |
506.1 |
2.81 (2.66-2.96) |
<0.001* |
| Foot (S92) |
194 |
95.5 |
2.05 (1.77-2.37) |
<0.001* |
| Femur - neck of (S72.0-S72.2) |
1579 |
574.2 |
2.79 (2.65-2.93) |
<0.001* |
| Femur - other (S72.3-S72.8) |
543 |
85.8 |
6.69 (6.12-7.29) |
<0.001* |
| Femur - unspecified (S72.9) |
88 |
18.5 |
4.91 (3.92-6.08) |
<0.001* |
|
Fractures up to 1 year after first MS admission |
Observed |
Expected |
Rate Ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Exact P value |
| All fractures‡ |
717 |
373.4 |
1.94 (1.80-2.08) |
<0.001* |
| Ribs (S22.2-S22.4) |
22 |
20.2 |
1.09 (0.68-1.65) |
0.779 |
| Clavicle (S42.0) |
11 |
7.7 |
1.43 (0.71-2.57) |
0.319 |
| Humerus (S42.2-S42.4, S42.7) |
76 |
28.3 |
2.72 (2.14-3.41) |
<0.001* |
| Forearm (S52) |
73 |
69.9 |
1.05 (0.82-1.32) |
0.752 |
| Wrist/Hand (S62) |
22 |
28.2 |
0.78 (0.49-1.18) |
0.278 |
| Pelvis/Lumbar spine (S32.0-S32.8) |
51 |
26.5 |
1.94 (1.44-2.56) |
<0.001* |
| Tibia/Ankle (S82) |
200 |
80.5 |
2.53 (2.19-2.91) |
<0.001* |
| Foot (S92) |
17 |
15.5 |
1.10 (0.64-1.77) |
0.793 |
| Femur - neck of (S72.0-S72.2) |
293 |
88.2 |
3.39 (3.01-3.81) |
<0.001* |
| Femur - other (S72.3-S72.8) |
58 |
12.3 |
4.88 (3.68-6.35) |
<0.001* |
| Femur - unspecified (S72.9) |
18 |
2.7 |
6.91 (4.04-11.09) |
<0.001* |
|
Fractures excluding those occurring in the first year after first MS admission |
Observed |
Expected |
Rate Ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Exact P value |
| All fractures‡ |
3697 |
1864.9 |
2.00 (1.93-2.07) |
<0.001* |
| Ribs (S22.2-S22.4) |
139 |
109.7 |
1.27 (1.07-1.50) |
0.006 |
| Clavicle (S42.0) |
72 |
44.8 |
1.61 (1.26-2.04) |
<0.001* |
| Humerus (S42.2-S42.4, S42.7) |
339 |
175.8 |
1.95 (1.74-2.17) |
<0.001* |
| Forearm (S52) |
375 |
423.6 |
0.88 (0.80-0.98) |
0.019 |
| Wrist/Hand (S62) |
135 |
159.9 |
0.84 (0.71-1.00) |
0.053 |
| Pelvis/Lumbar spine (S32.0-S32.8) |
242 |
161.1 |
1.51 (1.32-1.71) |
<0.001* |
| Tibia/Ankle (S82) |
1193 |
425.6 |
2.86 (2.70-3.03) |
<0.001* |
| Foot (S92) |
177 |
80.1 |
2.24 (1.92-2.60) |
<0.001* |
| Femur - neck of (S72.0-S72.2) |
1286 |
486 |
2.68 (2.54-2.84) |
<0.001* |
| Femur - other (S72.3-S72.8) |
485 |
73.5 |
7.00 (6.37-7.67) |
<0.001* |
| Femur - unspecified (S72.9) | 70 | 15.8 | 4.57 (3.55-5.81) | <0.001* |
* Significant P value after full Bonferroni correction = <0.004 (most of the high rate ratios, but none of the low rate ratios, are significant on this criterion).
† Only ICD-10 codes are shown; equivalent ICD-9 codes were also used in the analysis.
‡ ICD-10 codes: S02, S12, S22, S32, S42, S52, S62, S72, S82, S92, T08, T10, T12.