Table 3.
Variables | 1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008 | χ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Insurance: |
|
|
|
|
|
Without any health insurance |
16.0 |
25.3 |
33.9 |
35.9 |
7200.0** |
Other medical insurance |
12.9 |
24.6 |
32.0 |
32.4 |
251.7** |
Rural cooperative medical scheme |
15.0 |
18.5 |
29.0 |
25.4 |
13000.0** |
Urban basic medical insurance |
33.4 |
44.3 |
47.7 |
27.6 |
301.6** |
Free medical insurance |
30.5 |
41.9 |
49.5 |
22.8 |
1300.0** |
χ2 |
1000.0** |
907.9** |
367.2** |
191.7** |
|
Shortest distances from residence to medical institutions: |
|
|
|
|
|
≤1 km |
21.0 |
29.7 |
38.1 |
27.3 |
275.7** |
>1 km |
17.8 |
25.1 |
31.0 |
26.6 |
|
χ2 |
38.2** |
66.3** |
135.2** |
2.2 |
|
Annual per capita incomea: |
|
|
|
|
|
Low |
17.5 |
21.9 |
30.6 |
23.8 |
2900.0** |
Middle |
19.9 |
30.3 |
37.9 |
27.1 |
241.2** |
High |
4.5 |
39.3 |
44.2 |
27.7 |
3300.0** |
χ2 |
15.3** |
655.1** |
350.0** |
22.4** |
|
TV: |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
NA |
21.3 |
29.0 |
27.2 |
340.9** |
Yes |
NA |
29.7 |
36.9 |
27.1 |
|
χ2 |
|
148.7** |
90.7** |
0.01 |
|
Sanitary water: |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
14.3 |
20.6 |
29.5 |
24.6 |
27.5** |
Yes |
27.7 |
36.7 |
41.8 |
29.0 |
|
χ2 |
833.9** |
1000.0** |
460.9** |
80.0** |
|
Family poverty: |
|
|
|
|
|
No |
NA |
28.2 |
36.0 |
26.9 |
191.4** |
Yes |
NA |
31.3 |
31.2 |
28.6 |
|
χ2 | 10.6** | 15.2** | 4.5* |
a Annual per capita income discounted by CPI inflation in 1993, 1998 and 2003, and divided into low, middle, and high tertiles. NA: no data available.
*Significant at 5%. **Significant at 1%.