Table 1.
Knockdown times (KDTs) and mortality rates of Anopheles gambiae M form after exposure to diagnostic concentrations of pyrethroids on filter papers
|
Insecticide |
Mosquito population |
N |
Knockdown effect |
Mortality (%) |
Status |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
|
Knockdown time |
KDT50Ratio |
|
|
||||
| KDT50(min) | CL 95% | KDT95(min) | CL 95% | RR50 | CL 95% | |||||
| Permethrin 1% |
Kisumu |
96 |
9.7 |
9.1–10.2 |
13.7 |
12.7–15.4 |
- |
|
100 |
S |
| Port-Bouët |
95 |
63.4 |
54.5–81.0 |
192.8 |
131.7–391.9 |
6.5 |
5.6–7.6 |
68.4b |
R |
|
| Tsassodji |
100 |
76.2 |
64.7–96.6 |
329.8 |
219.6–618.7 |
7.9 |
6.4–9.6 |
42.0a |
R |
|
| Deltamethrin 0.05% |
Kisumu |
96 |
21.2 |
18.1–24.5 |
38.0 |
31.5–53.4 |
- |
|
100 |
S |
| Port-Bouët |
92 |
33.8 |
28.8–39.3 |
73.8 |
58.8–111.7 |
1.6 |
1.5–1.7 |
96.7b |
SR |
|
| Tsassodji |
102 |
50.4 |
46.7–55.2 |
133.7 |
110.5–174.0 |
2.4 |
2.2–2.6 |
58.8a |
R |
|
| Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05% |
Kisumu |
95 |
27.5 |
24.5–30.3 |
43.4 |
38.4–52.9 |
- |
|
100 |
S |
| Port-Bouët |
89 |
44.7 |
41.3–48.7 |
82.6 |
70.8–106.7 |
1.6 |
1.5–1.8 |
84.3b |
SR |
|
| Tsassodji | 102 | 55.9 | 52.1–61.4 | 125.6 | 104.4–164.8 | 2.0 | 1.8–2.2 | 67.7a | R | |
N: Total number of mosquitoes exposed to each insecticides; KDT50 and KDT95: Knockdown time (minutes) for 50% and 95% of mosquitoes; CL 95%: 95% confidence limits; RR50: Resistance ratio at Kd50 level (KDT50 of wild population / KDT50 of susceptible strain); Mortality (%): mortality rate 24 h post-exposure; S indicates susceptibility; SR indicates suspicion of resistance that needs to be confirmed; R suggests resistance.
For each insecticide, numbers with different superscript differ significantly at 5% level.