Table 2.
Study characteristics
| Study | DIPOL | AVID | RESIST | TULIP | OPTICUS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enrolling years |
2000 to 2002 |
1995 to 1998 |
1995 to 1997 |
1991 to 2001 |
1996 to 1998 |
| Randomized |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| - Blinded? |
Yes |
Yes |
N/A |
N/A |
Yes |
|
- When? |
Pre-intervention |
Pre-intervention |
Post-intervention |
Pre-intervention |
Pre-intervention |
| Intention-to-treat analysis |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
| Exclusion criteria | |||||
|
- Long lesions |
Yes (> 25 mm) |
No |
Yes (> 15 mm) |
No |
Yes (> 25 mm) |
|
- Bifurcation |
Yes |
No |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
- Left main coronary artery |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
No |
Yes |
|
- Chronic total occlusion |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
|
- Recent acute coronary syndrome |
Yes |
No (except MI with TIMI flow grade < 3) |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| - Small vessels |
Yes (≤ 2.75 mm) |
Yes (< 2.5 mm) |
Yes (< 3 mm) |
Yes (< 3 mm) |
Yes (< 2.5 mm) |
| - Others |
Age < 18 and > 70 y; extensive calcification; saphenous vein graft lesions |
Age < 18 y; non-covered dissection; large vessels (> 3.25 mm) |
Previous CABG |
Focal (< 20 mm) or ostial lesions |
|
| Pre-intervention IVUS |
Yes |
No |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
| Post-intervention IVUS |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| PCI success criteria |
Stent CSA/average CSA > 80%, complete apposition, stent CSA > 7.5 mm2 |
Stent CSA/distal CSA > 90%, complete apposition, no dissection |
Stent CSA/average CSA > 80% |
Stent MLD/average MLD > 80%, complete apposition, stent CSA ≥ distal CSA |
Stenosis < 10% and MUSIC study criteria [10] |
|
- PCI success by IVUS,% |
96 |
63 |
61 |
89 |
82.2 and 56 (MUSIC) |
| Clinical follow-up, months |
6 |
12 |
18 |
12 |
12 |
| Angiographic follow-up, months |
6* |
|
6 (com USIC) |
6 |
6 |
| MACE | Death, nonfatal MI, repeat revascularization† | Without explicit criteria | Death, repeat revascularization† | Death, nonfatal MI, clinical TLR | Death, nonfatal MI, repeat revascularization† |
*Angiographic follow-up was left to the discretion of the operator: 87.9% (IVUS-guided group) and 83.7% (angio-guided group). †CABG or repeat PCI for any reason. IVUS, interventional ultrasound; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; CSA, cross sectional area; MI, myocardial infarction; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; MLD, minimum lumen diameter; clinical TLR, ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization.