Table 1.

ERAS interventions

Preoperative	Perioperative	Post-operative
Patient counseling/education	Abdominal drains (none)	Regular diet
Fasting (reduced)	Nasogastric tube (none)	Early feeding
e.g., Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Fluid restriction	Pain management
Carbohydrate enriched drinks	Analgesia – NSAIDS, narcotics, use of epidural analgesia	Chewing gum/Ileus
Stress management	Fluid restriction	Early ambulation
Patient expectations (managing)		Exercise therapy
		Patient discharge planning
Accelerated rehabilitation	Urinary catheter (time of removal)	Removal of epidural catheter