Table 6.

Parent-Reported Risk Factors for Recurrent Adolescent Use and Impairment by 9^th Grade

Predictors	Alcohol	Marijuana	Alcohol and Marijuana	Impairment
Age	.21 (.11)	.17 (.07)*	.08 (.07)	.14 (.10)
Family History	.13 (.09)	.12 (.06)	.10 (.05)*	.11 (.08)
Dep-Par	.04 (.01)**	.01 (.01)	.01 (.01)	.02 (.01)*
Gender	−.36 (.09)**	−.12 (.06)*	−.13 (.05)*	−.20 (.08)**
CU-Par	.03 (.04)	.01 (.03)	.02 (.02)	.07 (.04)
CD-Par	.02 (.04)	.02 (.02)	.01 (.02)	.02 (.03)
CU×CD	−.01 (.02)	−.01 (.01)	.00 (.01)	−.01 (.02)
Gender×CU	.00 (.06)	.00 (.04)	−.01 (.03)	−.04 (.05)
Gender×CD	−.03 (.05)	.02 (.03)	.00 (.03)	−.01 (.04)
Gender×CU×CD	.02 (.02)	.01 (.02)	.01 (.01)	.02 (.02)

Notes: Data presented are from Step 3 of the hierarchical regression models conducted with each dependent variable. Unstandardized beta (SE). Recurrence = Number of visits (up to 9^th grade) that adolescents reported any use or impairment; Family History = Parent-rated history of substance use across 1^st and 2^nd degree relatives (yes/no); Dep-Par = Parent-reported DISC depression symptom count from 6^th grade; Gender (0=Female, 1=Male); CU-Par = Parent-reported APSD Callous-Unemotional scale administered in 6^th grade; CD-Par = Parent-reported DISC Conduct Disorder symptom count from 6^th grade. Age, depression, CU and CD were centered across gender. All interactions were computed using centered variables.

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01