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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: DNA Repair (Amst). 2012 Dec 6;12(1):73–79. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2012.10.011

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Pathways for dNTP biosynthesis in E. coli. RNR = ribonucleotide reductase, Ndk = Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, Dcd = dCTP deaminase, Dut = dUTPase, ThyA = Thymidylate synthase, Tmk = dTMP kinase. The pathway in parentheses along with the stippled paths indicates the minor pathway (~ 20%) for dUMP (and dTTP) synthesis. The major pathway for dTTP synthesis is via dCTP and dCTP deaminase.