. 2012 Dec 22;10(1):79–89. doi: 10.7150/ijms.5291

Table 2.

Baseline levels of micronutrients, oxidative stress, inflammatory status, and immune function of the study group subjects ^1,2,3_.

	Zinc supplement patients (n=40)	Control group patients (n=25)	Healthy subjects (n=38)
Zn (ug/mL)	0.4 (0.2-0.5)^a	0.4 (0.3-0.5)^a	0.9 (0.8-1.3)^b
Cu (ug/mL)	0.9 ± 0.1^b	0.9 ± 0.2^b	0.6 ± 0.2^a
Cu/Zn ratios	2.4 (1.8-3.7)^b	2.5 (2.1-3.4)^b	0.7 (0.6-0.9)^a
β-carotene (μg/mL)	0.9 (0.6-1.3)^a	0.7 (0.6-1.0)^a	2.5 (2.0-2.9)^b
Vitamin C (μg/mL)	2.5 (1.5-4.0)^a	2.5 (1.7-4.1)^a	12.1 (8.4-15.4)^b
Vitamin E (μg/mL)	4.5 ± 1.9^a	4.4 ± 1.8^a	12.2 ± 1.7^b
MDA (nmol/mL)	6.5 ± 2.0^b	6.5 ± 1.3^b	2.6 ± 1.3^a
SOD (U/g Hb)	1478 ± 181^a	1507 ± 207^a	2300 ± 336^b
hs-CRP (ng/mL)	10.7 (6.2-17.3)^b	9.6 (4.8-13.5)^b	1.7 (0.5-2.4)^a
TNF-α (pg/mL)	63.0 (38.4-121.2)^b	74.0 (40.3-99.1)^b	12.5 (8.6-17.0)^a
IL-1β (pg/mL)	74.3 (34.6-102.0)^b	74.8 (52.9-105.7)^b	7.2 (5.4-8.9)^a
CD3 (%)	53.9 ± 9.9^a	54.5 ± 7.6^a	61.2 ± 3.6^b
CD4 (%)	30.0 ± 7.2^a	32.2 ± 7.8^a	40.2 ± 2.5^b
CD8 (%)	20.7 ± 6.3	24.4 ± 7.2	22.7 ± 5.3
CD4/CD8 ratio	1.5 (1.2-1.8)^a	1.4 (1.0-2.0)^a	2.0 (1.7-2.3)^b
CD19 (%)	8.7 (6.4-11.7)^a	7.6 (5.1-12.6)^a	12.4 (10.0-12.7)^b

¹Values are mean ± SD or medians (inter-quartile range). ²Values in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05). ³ Zn = zinc; Cu = copper; MDA = malondialdehyde; SOD = superoxide dismutase; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β= interleukin-1β; CD3 = mature T lymphocytes; CD19 = B-lymphocyte antigen; CD4/CD8 = ratios of helper T-lymphocytes to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.