Table II.
Molecular Targets of Curcumin in Human Participants
| Disease | Biomarkers | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Colorectal cancer | GST ↓ | (13) |
| PGE2 ↓ | (14) | |
| M1G ↓ | (15) | |
| TNF-α↓, Bcl-2 ↓,p53 ↑, Bax ↑ | (18) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | MDA ↓, GSH ↑ | (19) |
| IL-6↓, IL-8↓, IL-10↓, NF–κB↓, COX-2↓, pSTAT3↓ | (12) | |
| Prostate cancer | PSA↓ | (22) |
| Multiple myeloma | Paraproteins ↓, NTT ↓ | (23) |
| NF–κB ↓, COX-2 ↓, pSTAT3 ↓ | (24) | |
| Cancer lesions | Vitamin C↑, vitamin E↑, MDA↓, 8-OHdG↓ | (30) |
| Head and neck cancer | IKKβ ↓, IL-8 ↓ | (31) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | CRP ↓, ESR ↓, CDAI ↓ | (32) |
| p38 MAPK ↓, IL-1β↓, MMP-3↓, IL-10↑ | (35) | |
| Osteoarthritis | CRP↓ | (40) |
| IL-1β↓, IL-6↓, sCD40L↓, sVCAM1↓, ESR↓ | (41) | |
| H. pylori infection | sPGII↓, sPG I↓ | (47) |
| Psoriasis | PhK↓, TRR↓, CD8 + T cells↓ | (51) |
| Acute coronary syndrome | TC↓, LDL↓, HDL↑, TG↑ | (56) |
| Atherosclerosis | Lipid peroxides↓, TC↓, HDL↑ | (57) |
| Type 2 diabetes | MDA↓, ET-1↓, IL-6↓, TNF-α↓ | (59) |
| HOMA-β↑, adiponectin↑, C-peptide↓, HOMA-IR↓ | (61) | |
| Diabetic nephropathy | TGF- β↓, IL- 8↓ | (62) |
| Renal transplantation | Creatinine↓, HO-1↑ | (65) |
| β-Thalassemia | MDA↓, SOD↓, GSH-Px↓, NTBI↓, GSH↑ | (67) |
| Hepatoprotection | AST↓, ALT↓, Bilirubin↓, ESR ↓ | (71) |
| Arsenic exposure | Catalase↑, GSH↑, SOD↑, GPX ↑, ROS↓ | (72) |
↓, Downregulation;↑, upregulation
8-OHdG 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, ALT alanine transaminase, AST aspartate transaminase, Bax Bcl-2–associated X protein, Bcl-2 B cell lymphoma-2, CD cluster of differentiation, CDAI Crohn disease activity index, COX-2 cyclooxygenase 2, CRP C-reactive protein, ET-1 endothelin-1, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, GSH glutathione, GST glutathione S-transferase, GPX glutathione peroxidase, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HO-1 hemoxygenase-1, H. pylori Helicobacter pylori, HOMA homeostasis model assessment, IL interleukin, IR insulin resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein, MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, MDA malondialdehyde, M 1 G pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one, MMP-3 matrix metalloproteinase-3, NF–κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NTBI non-transferrin bound iron, NTT N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen, PGE 2 prostaglandin E2, PhK phosphorylase kinase, PSA prostate-specific antigen, pSTAT3 phosphorylated form of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, ROS reactive oxygen species, sCD40L soluble cluster of differentiation 40 ligand, SOD superoxide dismutase, sPG I serum pepsinogen I, sPG II serum pepsinogen II, sVCAM soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, TRR transferrin receptor