Table 4.

Multivariate analysis of risk factors and comorbidities for primary posterior lumbar spine fusion surgery

Multivariate regression: risk factors for in-hospital mortality
Category	Variable	Odds ratio	95 % Confidence intervals		P value
Age (reference: 45–46 years)	0–44 years	0.30	0.19	0.48	<0.0001
	65–74	2.50	1.87	3.33	<0.0001
	≥75	4.35	3.25	5.82	<0.0001
Gender (reference: female) admission type (reference: elective)	Male	1.67	1.34	2.09	<0.0001
	Emergent	2.11	1.45	3.08	0.0001
	Other	1.76	1.28	2.43	0.0006
Comorbidities (reference: absence of disease)	Congestive heart failure	4.49	3.25	6.21	<0.0001
	Liver disease	3.77	1.99	7.14	<0.0001
	Neurologic disease
	Diabetes mellitus	0.58	0.40	0.83	0.0028
	Coagulopathy	6.89	4.98	9.52	<0.0001
	Neurologic disease	2.99	2.08	4.30	<0.0001
	Renal failure	2.61	1.64	4.17	<0.0001
	Electrolyte and fluid abnormalities	2.79	2.13	3.66	<0.0001
	Electrolyte and fluid abnormalities	2.79	2.12	3.66	<0.0001
Diagnosis (reference: degenerative disc disease)	Spinal stenosis	1.07	0.765	1.50	0.6841
	Scoliosis	4.07	2.29	7.24	<0.0001
	Spondylolisthesis	1.54	0.97	2.43	0.0671
	Trauma	4.77	2.96	7.68	<0.0001
	Oncologic	6.38	3.50	11.64	<0.0001
	Multiple Diagnosis	0.68	0.50	0.91	0.0096
	Other	1.65	1.05	2.59	0.0308