Table 1.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of all patients
| Cilostazol (n = 101) | Control (n = 107) | p value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male), n (%) | 67 | (66.3) | 71 | (66.4) | 0.998 |
| Age (years) | 62.76 | ±9.04 | 62.26 | ±8.58 | 0.682† |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.47 | ±2.95 | 23.92 | ±2.65 | 0.161† |
| Stroke subtype, n (%) | 0.238 | ||||
| LAA | 43 | (42.6) | 37 | (34.6) | |
| SVO | 28 | (27.7) | 40 | (37.4) | |
| Undetermined | 17 | (16.8) | 22 | (20.6) | |
| TIA | 13 | (12.9) | 8 | (7.5) | |
| Location (%) | 0.170‡ | ||||
| Anterior circulation | 67 | (66.3) | 59 | (55.1) | |
| Posterior circulation | 33 | (32.7) | 47 | (43.9) | |
| Both | 1 | (1.1) | 1 | (1.0) | |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 25 | (24.8) | 19 | (17.8) | 0.217 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 77 | (76.2) | 76 | (71.0) | 0.395 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 31 | (30.7) | 30 | (28.0) | 0.674 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 39 | (38.6) | 46 | (43.0) | 0.521 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 27 | (26.7) | 40 | (37.7) | 0.134 |
| Cilostazol, n (%) | 101 | (100.0) | 0 | (0.0) | <0.001 |
| 100 mg/day | 29 | (28.7) | |||
| 200 mg/day | 72 | (71.3) | |||
| Statin, n (%) | 59 | (58.4) | 59 | (55.1) | 0.634 |
| Admission NIHSS | 3.00 | (1–4) | 3.00 | (1–4) | 0.552§ |
| Discharge mRS | 0.725 | ||||
| 0 | 20 | (19.8) | 19 | (17.8) | |
| 1 | 44 | (43.6) | 42 | (39.3) | |
| 2 | 27 | (26.7) | 30 | (28.0) | |
| 3 | 6 | (5.9) | 12 | (11.2) | |
| 4 | 4 | (4.0) | 4 | (3.7) | |
| Hemoglobin A1c, (%) | 6.05 | ±1.23 | 6.22 | ±1.37 | 0.352† |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 188.20 | ±41.34 | 190.42 | ±37.59 | 0.685† |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 41.46 | ±11.00 | 40.51 | ±11.02 | 0.538† |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 141.91 | ±70.43 | 149.37 | ±106.87 | 0.555† |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 117.41 | ±35.68 | 118.07 | ±33.82 | 0.890† |
| Interval from baseline to follow-up carotid ultrasound (months) | 23.88 | ±11.95 | 26.19 | ±12.50 | 0.176† |
| Baseline CCA-IMT (mm) | |||||
| Maximum, left | 1.105 | ±0.382 | 1.101 | ±0.410 | 0.941† |
| Mean, left | 0.863 | ±0.232 | 0.855 | ±0.242 | 0.825† |
| Maximum, right | 1.005 | ±0.348 | 1.053 | ±0.405 | 0.364† |
| Mean, right | 0.801 | ±0.206 | 0.822 | ±0.229 | 0.482† |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range), whereas categorical variables are presented as absolute values and percentages
LAA large artery atherosclerosis, SVO small vessel occlusion, TIA transient ischemic attack, NIHSS NIH Stroke Scale, mRS modified Rankin scale, WBC white blood cell, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, CCA-IMT common carotid artery intima-media thickness
* p values are for Chi-squared test unless indicated
† p value is for Student’s t test
‡ p value is for Fisher’s exact test
§ p value is for Mann–Whitney test