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. 2012 Jun 5;70(1):89–103. doi: 10.1007/s00018-012-1032-3

Table 3.

Phenotypes of knockout mice of autophagy-related genes in stem cells

Genesgenotype Tissue/promoter Phenotype References
Beclin1−/− ESC Die early in embryogenesis [28, 33]
Beclin+/− ESC Develop tumors, apoptotic cell death [28]
Atg5−/− ESC Autophagy-dependent defective clearance of apoptotic cell corpses during development [26, 43]
Ambra1−/− ESC Embryonic lethality [35]
Ambragt/gt ESC/gene-trapped allele Over proliferation, increased apoptosis [35]
Atg7fl/fl HSC/Vav Unable to self-renew, defective mitochondrial removal, significantly reduced myeloid and lymphoid progenitors in BM, myeloproliferation of LSK compartment, myeloid leukemia [12, 40, 44]
FIP200fl/fl HSC/ Tie-2 Embryonic lethality, HSC depletion, loss of self-renewal, block of erythroid maturation, myeloproliferation, increased mitochondrial load and DNA damage [45]