Table 3.
Multivariable associations between QOL and HPV DNA status and other patients and tumor characteristics in OSCC patients, University of Washington Affiliated Hospitals, Seattle, WA, 2003–2010
| Outcome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-treatment QOL (n=198) |
Change in QOL from pre-treatment to immediate post- treatment* (n=83) |
Change in QOL from pre-treatment to one year post-treatment** (n=70) |
||||
| Covariate† | Coefficient†† | p-value | Coefficient | p-value | Coefficient | p-value |
| High-risk HPV DNA | 4.61 | 0.117 | −4.54 | 0.275 | −0.26 | 0.965 |
| Age | 0.19 | 0.042 | −0.14 | 0.385 | 0.00 | 0.998 |
| Sex | −4.34 | 0.078 | 0.68 | 0.879 | 1.89 | 0.697 |
| Race | −4.51 | 0.209 | −0.89 | 0.89 | 4.49 | 0.609 |
| Tumor site | 3.65 | 0.214 | 2.89 | 0.561 | −1.96 | 0.76 |
| T stage: | ||||||
| 2 | −5.27 | 0.056 | −0.54 | 0.902 | 3.03 | 0.551 |
| 3–4 | −9.96 | <0.001 | 2.81 | 0.572 | 7.25 | 0.248 |
| N stage: | ||||||
| 1 | −4.21 | 0.212 | −6.04 | 0.378 | 1.80 | 0.779 |
| 2–3 | −3.93 | 0.130 | −11.26 | 0.051 | −3.68 | 0.557 |
| Comorbidity:‡ | ||||||
| 1 | −2.31 | 0.463 | 2.02 | 0.686 | 1.83 | 0.762 |
| 2–3 | −2.83 | 0.394 | 2.76 | 0.592 | 4.37 | 0.557 |
| Cigarette smoking: | ||||||
| Former | −0.71 | 0.807 | −7.81 | 0.199 | −4.53 | 0.421 |
| Current | −4.17 | 0.148 | −5.74 | 0.329 | −5.18 | 0.361 |
| Alcohol drinking | ||||||
| Former | −2.70 | 0.534 | 3.36 | 0.645 | 13.31 | 0.176 |
| 0–14 drinks/week | −2.12 | 0.602 | 1.57 | 0.811 | 6.67 | 0.488 |
| >14 drinks/week | −6.05 | 0.158 | 1.04 | 0.882 | 8.51 | 0.390 |
| Surgery to primary site | 4.88 | 0.478 | −6.30 | 0.421 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 4.97 | 0.389 | 0.62 | 0.927 | ||
| Radiation therapy | −9.11 | 0.054 | −9.65 | 0.087 | ||
Statistically significant differences in QOL are in bold font.
Immediate post-treatment: data collected 3–8 months after treatment started
One year post-treatment: data collected 9–15 months after treatment started
Reference/baseline categories are as follow: HPV: HPV-negative or low-risk HPV; Sex: male; Race: white; Tumor site: oral; T stage: 1; N stage: 0; Comorbidity: ACE-27 score 0; Cigarette smoking: never; Alcohol drinking: never.
From the regression model, representing the difference in the QOL score (pre-treatment) or change in QOL score (pre-treatment to immediate post-treatment, or pre-treatment to one-year post-treatment) associated with the respective covariate.
Comorbidity assessed with ACE-27, with higher scores indicating greater comorbidity.
Abbreviations: ACE-27: Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27; HPV: Human Papillomavirus; OSCC: Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; QOL: Quality of life