Table 1.
BBB Transport Systems of Endogenous Ingestive Peptides
| Category | Representative Peptides | References |
|---|---|---|
| Saturable | Leptin | [96] |
| Insulin | [150,151] | |
| TNFα | [86] | |
| Mahogany protein | [152] | |
| Pancreatic polypeptide | [153] | |
| Human ghrelin | [154] | |
| CRH | [155] | |
| Saturable, but requires activation |
Urocortin - no entry unless activated by leptin |
[100] |
| by TNFα | [156] | |
| by glucose | [157] | |
| Passive diffusion (non- saturable) |
Orexin A | [158] |
| NPY | [159] | |
| AgRP | [160] | |
| CART | [161] | |
| α-MSH | [79,162] | |
| GLP-1 | [163] | |
| Amylin | [164] | |
| Urocortin II | [155] | |
| cHis-Pro | [165] | |
| Nesfatin | [166,167] | |
| FGF21 | [168] | |
| PYY3-36 | [169] | |
| No entry | Orexin B | [158] |
| MCH | [170] | |
| Obestatin | [171] | |
| Adiponectin | [171] | |
| Mouse ghrelin | [154,171] | |