Table 2.
Comparison of characteristics between anorectal atresia cases and controls
| Characteristic | Cases (N = 150) |
Controls (N = 623) |
P valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Maternal age (years) | 0.41 | ||
| <20 | 8 (5.3) | 50 (8.0) | |
| 20-34 | 108 (72.0) | 453 (72.7) | |
| ≥35 | 34 (22.7) | 120 (19.3) | |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | 0.99 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 81 (54.0) | 340 (54.6) | |
| African-American | 17 (11.3) | 68 (10.9) | |
| Hispanic | 39 (26.0) | 163 (26.2) | |
| Asian | 12 (8.0) | 48 (7.7) | |
| Other | 1 (0.7) | 4 (0.6) | |
| Maternal education (years) | 0.75 | ||
| <12 | 28 (18.7) | 114 (18.3) | |
| 12 | 44 (29.3) | 173 (27.8) | |
| >12 | 72 (48.0) | 328 (52.6) | |
| Missing | 6 (4.0) | 8 (1.3) | |
| Parity | 0.066 | ||
| Nulliparous | 73 (48.7) | 251 (40.3) | |
| Multiparous | 77 (51.3) | 372 (59.7) | |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 0.19 | ||
| Yes | 21 (14.0) | 63 (10.1) | |
| No | 128 (85.3) | 560 (89.9) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes | 0.66 | ||
| Yes | 2 (1.3) | 6 (1.0) | |
| No | 148 (98.7) | 617 (99.0) | |
| Gestational diabetes | 0.64 | ||
| Yes | 7 (4.7) | 24 (3.8) | |
| No | 143 (95.3) | 599 (96.2) | |
| In vitro fertilization or other assisted reproductive technique | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 2 (1.3) | 10 (1.6) | |
| No | 148 (98.7) | 613 (98.4) | |
| Plurality | 0.57 | ||
| Singleton | 145 (96.7) | 608 (97.6) | |
| Multiple birth | 5 (3.3) | 15 (2.4) | |
| Infant sex | 0.014 | ||
| Male | 89 (59.3) | 300 (48.2) | |
| Female | 61 (40.7) | 323 (51.8) | |
| Birth year | 0.82 | ||
| 1998 | 12 (8.0) | 75 (12.0) | |
| 1999 | 21 (14.0) | 71 (11.4) | |
| 2000 | 22 (14.7) | 78 (12.5) | |
| 2001 | 18 (12.0) | 71 (11.4) | |
| 2002 | 21 (14.0) | 85 (13.6) | |
| 2003 | 18 (12.0) | 87 (14.0) | |
| 2004 | 23 (15.3) | 87 (14.0) | |
| 2005 | 15 (10.0) | 69 (11.1) |
a
Fisher’s exact test used to compare characteristics between cases and controls