Fig. 6.

A prototypic quill-mimetic patch as a mechanically interlocking tissue adhesive. (A) The digital photograph shows the fabricated quill-mimetic patch, which consists of 7 PU barbless or barbed quills. (B) The tissue adhesion forces obtained from barbless and barbed PU quill patches (n = 5, Student t test at the level of 95% significance). The box plot whiskers are set to ±1.2 SD. The two “X”s in box plot indicate first and 99th percentiles. (C) Shows the quill-mimetic patches interacting with muscle tissue during the retraction process from muscle tissue.