Table 1.
Approaches that directly target B cells and plasma cells
| Target | Agent | Putative/intended mechanism of action | Developmental status |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD19 | MD1342 (fully human) | B-cell depletion | Phase I for RA, trial suspended |
| CD19 chimeric antigen receptors | Phase I/II for B-cell malignancies | ||
| Blinatumomab | |||
| XmAb5574/MOR208 | |||
| MEDI-551 | |||
| CD20 | Rituximab (chimeric) | Approved for use in NHL, RA and ANCA vasculitides | |
| Ocrelizumab (humanized) | Phase III for RRMS and PPMS | ||
| Veltuzumab (humanized) | Phase III for RA, phase I/II for AITP | ||
| Ofatumumab (fully human) | Phase III for RA, phase I/II for RRMS | ||
| CD22 | Epratuzumab (humanized) | Blockade of CD22 - partial depletion of B cells, inhibition of activation, proliferation, survival of B cells | Phase III for SLE |
| CD52 | Anti-CD52 or Campath-1h, Alemtuzumab | Depletion of T cells and B cells | Phase III for MS, phase II for autoimmune cytopenias, phase I for inclusion body myositis, phase I/II for RA not continueda |
AITP, Autoimmune thrombocytopenia; ANCA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; MS, multiple sclerosis; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RRMS, relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus. Data from http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (accessed 5 January 2012). aSee [150-152].