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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 21.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2012 May 4;25(5):1119–1131. doi: 10.1021/tx3000889

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Metabolic activation of AA and its reaction with DNA. Adduct formation occurs after reduction of the nitro moiety of the phenanthrene rings of AA-I and AA-II to form the N-hydroxyaristolactams and proposed nitrenium ions, which react with dG and dA to form dA-AL-I, dG-AL-I, dA-AL-II, and dG-AL-II.