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. 2013 Jan;79(1):18–31. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02339-12

Table 3.

Identified and annotated siderophores detected in this study and the genes putatively involved in their synthesis

Siderophore name (m/z; retention time [min]) Type Trichoderma genes involved in siderophore biosynthesis
 Reference(s)
Gene name(s) T. virens
 T. atroviride
 T. reesei
 Annotation
GenBank no. E valueb GenBank no. E value GenBank no. E value
All All sidA EHK26838 2E−162 EHK44669 2E−144 EGR44632 1E−161 The initial biosynthetic step, shared by pathways of both intra- and extracellular siderophore biosynthesis, is catalyzed by the ornithine-N5-monooxygenase SidA (in A. fumigatus XP_755103). 50
Ferricrocin (771.248; 14.6) Ferichrome sidL EHK18514 5E−145 EHK46975 2E−144 EGR46972 9E−135 Biosynthesis of ferricrocin and hydroxyferricrocin involves acetylation of N5-hydroxyornithine to N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine by SidL in A. fumigatus (XP_750193). 49
sidC, sid2, NPS2 EHK26839 0E+00 EHK44670 0E+00 EGR44663 0E+00 In A. fumigatus, NRPS SidC (XP_753088; Sid2 in U. maydis) couples 3 acetylhydroxyornithine molecules to 1 serine and 2 glycine residues to yield cyclic ferricrocin.
Coprogen (822.309; 18.2) Fusigen (780.299; 14.3) cis-fusarin (574.193; 10.0) Fusarinine Aa (556.183; 8.5) Fusarinine Ba (798.309; 12.7) Dimerum acid (538.172; 10.7) Fusarinine/coprogen sidI EHK18683 0E+00 EHK45574 0E+00 EGR46098 0E+00 Acyl-CoA ligase SidI in A. fumigatus (XP_753087) converts mevalonate to mevalonyl-CoA. 51
sidH EHK21207, EHK20720, EHK20161 2E−102, 3E−89, 8E−85 EHK46085 3E-87 EGR44125, EGR44857, EGR49665 4E−98, 2E−91, 3E−84 Enoyl-CoA hydratase SidH in A. fumigatus (XP_748661) converts mevalonyl-CoA to anhydromevalonyl-CoA. 51
sidF EHK21208 0E+00 EHK45575 3E−129 EGR44134 0E+00 In A. fumigatus, anhydromevalonyl-CoA is transferred to N5-hydroxyornithine by the transacylase SidF (XP_748660) that is required for biosynthesis of fusarinine C and triacetylfusarinine C. 50
NPS6 EHK18682 0E+00 EHK46196 0E+00 EGR46022 0E+00 NRPS related to NPS6 siderophore of Cochliobolus heterostrophus (AAX09988); NPS6 might produce a siderophore corresponding to fusarinine of A. nidulans, A. oryzae, and F. graminearum and coprogen in Neurospora crassa based on the domain structure of the predicted protein and sequence homology. 48c
sidD ID 70206/EHK21211 0E+00 ID 71005/EGR44132 0E+00 Siderophore synthetase SidD, homologous to NPS6 of Trichoderma sp. NRPS SidD in A. fumigatus (XP_748662), transfers N5-cis-anhydromevalonyl-N5-hydroxy-l-ornithine to fusarinine C. 50c
sidG EHK22271 2E−62 Acetyltransferase SidG is required for conversion of fusigen (fusarinine C) into triacetylfusarinine C in A. fumigatus (XP_748685). 50, 51
a

Unambiguous annotation not possible.

b

E values refer to the query accession number listed in annotation.