Fig 1.

1,25D₃ rescues M. tuberculosis-mediated TNF release in HIV⁺ human macrophages. Differentiated U937 (A) and HIV⁺ U1 (B and C) macrophages were incubated with irradiated virulent M. tuberculosis (MTb) (MOI of 10:1 for 24 h) in the presence or absence of 1,25D₃ (VD) pretreatment (24 h). TNF in cell culture supernatants was measured by ELISA (R&D). Figures are representative of individual experiments with similar results (n = 6). Quantitative data represent means ± standard errors of the means (SEM). US, unstimulated. *, P < 0.05.