Fig 1.

Glucose catabolic routes in wild-type (A) and adh null mutant (B) strains. The model depicts glycolysis, the PPP, mitochondrial respiratory transport chain, and major cytosolic NAD(P)⁺/NAD(P)H reoxidation activities. GPD1, NAD-dependent glycerol 3-P dehydrogenase; GUT2, FAD-dependent glycerol-3 P dehydrogenase; NDE1 and NDI1, external and internal inner mitochondrial membrane transdehydrogenases; PDC1, pyruvate decarboxylase; PGI1, phosphoglucoisomerase; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase complex; Q, ubiquinone; bc1, complex III; cox, cytochrome oxidase. Pathways/activities involved in the accumulation/reoxidation of NAD(P)H are highlighted in boxes.