Fig 4.

Cell wall stress in a C. glabrata fps1Δ fps2Δ mutant. (A) Activation of a cell wall stress reporter. An S. cerevisiae cell wall stress reporter, PRM5-lacZ, is induced in C. glabrata by the cell wall antagonist calcofluor white (CFW). Wild-type (BG14) cells, transformed with the pGRB2.0-PRM5-lacZ transcriptional reporter plasmid (p3060), were grown to mid-log phase in selective medium and treated with calcofluor white (40 μg/ml) for 5 h at 30°C, followed by cell lysis and measurement of β-galactosidase (β-Gal.) activity. Each value represents the mean and standard deviation from three independent transformants. (B) The C. glabrata fps1Δ fps2Δ (fps1Δ2Δ) mutant is under constitutive cell wall stress. Wild-type (BG14) cells and an fps1Δ fps2Δ mutant (DL3679) were transformed with pGRB2.0-PRM5-lacZ or pGRB2.0 (vector), and β-galactosidase activity was measured from log-phase cells growing at 30°C. Each value represents the mean and standard deviation of three separate experiments.