Fig 1.

Inhibitory effects of GAGs and inhibitors. (A) For the viral inactivation assay, various concentrations of GAGs, polyanionic dextran sulfate, and suramin were preincubated with EV-71 particles for 1 h at 37°C before infection of RD cells at room temperature. (B and C) For the cell protection assay, various concentrations of GAGs (B) or of poly-d-lysine or anti-heparan sulfate peptides, designated peptides G1 and G2 (C), were preincubated with RD cells for 1 h at 37°C before EV-71 infection. The viral RNA was extracted and quantified by quantitative real-time PCR 24 h postinfection.