Table 3.
In Vivo Studies Regarding Effects of LILT on Bone Structure
| First Author (year) | Animal | Methods | Type and Characters of laser | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Takeda 1988 (25) | Rat | Irradiation of extraction wounds |
λ =904 nm PD= 25 mW/cm2 D= 20 J/cm2 |
More formation of trabecular osteoid tissue in lased group |
| 2 | Luger 1998 (26) | Rat | Tibial bone fracture was treated with LILT and tested at tension up to failure | HeNe laser (632.8 nm) P=35 mW D=892 J/cm2 |
Higher maximal load at failure in the irradiated group |
| 3 | Khadra 2004 (5) | Rabbit | Irradiation of bone around titanium implants |
λ=830nm P=75 mW D=23 J/cm2 |
More bone-to-implant contact in radiated groups |
| 4 | Nicolau 2003 (27) | Rat | Irradiation of perforated rat femor |
λ=660 nm D=10 J/cm2 |
Higher bone cell activity in irradiated group |
| 5 | Freitas 2003 (8) | Rat | Irradiation of surgically produced tibia damage |
λ=633nm T= 0.5–15 min E= 0.03- 0.9 J |
Increased neoformed trabeculae in tibiae irradiated with 0.3 and 0.9J |
| 6 | Khadra 2004 (28) | Rat | Irradiation of calvarial bone defects |
λ=830nm P=75 mW D=23 J/cm2 |
More soft tissue and bone formation in irradiated group |
| 7 | Nissan 2006 (29) | Rat | Irradiation of surgically creating bony cavities on both sides of the mandible |
λ=904 nm PD=4 and 22.4 mW/cm2 T=3min |
4 mW cm2 power density increased radiocalcium accumulation. 22.4 mW cm2 had no effect. |
| 8 | Weber 2006 (30) | Rat | LILT associated with autologous bone graft in bone defects |
λ =830 nm λ =780 nm P= 50 Mw D= 10 J/cm2 |
Use of LLLT resulted in a positive effect on the healing of bone defects associated with autologous bone grafts. |
| 9 | Pretel 2007 (31) | Rat | Irradiation of mandible defects |
λ =780 nm D=178 J/cm2 E=1.4 J T=40 s |
Promoting rapid new bone matrix formation at 15 and 45 days in lased group. |
| 10 | Miloro 2007 (32) | Rabbit | Placement of unidirectional distraction devices |
λ =820 nm P= 400 mW Energy= 6.0 J |
New bone trabeculation and ossification was more advanced for the lased group. |
| 11 | Ribeiro 2008 (33) | Rat | Irradiation of surgical bone defects in tibia |
λ= 735 PD= 30 W/cm2 D=16 J/cm2 T= 1 min. |
LILT was able to improve bone repair in the tibia of rats. |
| 12 | Kreisner 2010 (34) | Rabbit | Applying distraction osteogenesis in mandible |
λ=830 nm D= 10 J/cm2 P=40mW |
Newly formed bone was greater in the lased group |
λ: Wavelength; P: Power; Density: E: Energy; Energy Density; PD: Power Density; T: time of irradiation; PRR: Pulse Repetition Rate; nm: nanometer; mW: milliWatt; J/cm2: Joule/square centimeter; W/cm2: Watt/square centimeter; s: second; min: minute; Hz: Hertz; mJ: milli-joule