Table 1.
Studies Showing a Positive Association between Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease
| Author | Population | Study Design | Risk Estimate | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kribbs et al. (25) | 85 osteoporotic women and 27 normal women | Cross-sectional | OR: 2.7 [95% CI: 1.1–6.5] | Osteoporotic group had less mandibular bone mass and density |
| Jacobs et al. (27) | 69 women receiving HRT aged 32–64 at entry | Prospective longitudinal study | No OR calculated | Positive correlation between spinal density and mandibular bone mass at the second examination (average follow-up 5.1 years) |
| Streckfus et al. (28) | 28 healthy women aged 23 women with periodontitis | Cross-sectional | OR: 2.74 [95% CI: 1.23–6.12] | More ABL, more missing teeth, in postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency |
| Southard et al. (29) | 61 dentate Caucasian women aged 20 to 78 years | Cross-sectional | OR: 5.3 [95% CI: 2.5–11.3] | Significant correlation between the density of maxillary and mandibular alveolar process, lumbar spine, hip and radius |
| Jeffcoat et al. (31) | 158 postmenopausal women | Cross-sectional | OR :5.23 | Significant correlation between hip BMD and mandibular basal BMD |
| von Wowern et al. (36) | 112 women with osteoporotic fractures | Cross-sectional | OR: 2.7 [95% CI: 1.1–6.5] | Greater amounts of loss of attachment in osteoporotic women with a mean age of 68 |
| Tezal et al. (37) | 70 postmenopausal Caucasian women aged 51–78 | Cross-sectional | OR :2.89 | Mean ABL was significantly correlated with systemic BMD |
| Payne (38) | 41 with normal BMD, 17 osteoporotic women | 2-year prospective longitudinal clinical study | OR: 1.73 [95% CI: 1.23–2.43] | Greater ABL, crestal and subcrestal density loss in the osteoporotic and estrogen-deficient women. |
| Reinhardt et al. (39) | Women within 5 years of menopause, 59 with adult periodontitis and 16 non-periodontitis. Stratified by serum estradiol level | 2-year prospective longitudinal study | OR: 1.68 | In non-smoking osteopenic/osteoporotic periodontitis patients with estrogen deficiency had more bleeding on probing and clinical attachment loss |
| Taguchi et al. (40) | 64 women between the ages of 50 and 70 years | Cross-sectional | OR: 2.10 | Mean alveolar bone level significantly correlated with systemic BMD |
| Grodstein et al. (41) | 42,171 post-menopausal women | Cross-sectional | OR: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.14–1.59] | Significant correlation between systemic BMD and mandibular basal BMD |