Table 4.
Characteristics of the study sample of patients stratified according to IMT
| |
Normal |
Thickening |
Plaque |
P Values |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANOVA or χ2 | Normal vs Thickening | Normal vs Plaque | Thickening vs Plaque | ||||
| Age (years) |
47.3 ± 13.3 |
57.0 ± 9.6 |
65.9 ± 9.8 |
<0.001 |
0.004 |
<0.001 |
0.001 |
| Sex (male/female) |
16/10 |
10/12 |
101/51 |
0.157 |
|
|
|
| Family history of hypertension (yes/no) |
16/10 |
18/4 |
79/73 |
0.026 |
|
|
|
| Family history of stroke (yes/no) |
4/22 |
6/16 |
29/123 |
0.564 |
|
|
|
| Smokers (yes/ex/no) |
4/3/19 |
6/2/14 |
25/37/90 |
0.242 |
|
|
|
| Diabetes (yes/no) |
2/24 |
1/21 |
17/135 |
0.572 |
|
|
|
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) |
76.5 ± 10.8 |
73.4 ± 18.6 |
75.8 ± 11.1 |
0.643 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) |
131.5 ± 19.2 |
124.1 ± 33.2 |
134.8 ± 21.1 |
0.106 |
0.768 |
1 |
0.113 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) |
55.0 ± 14.9 |
50.6 ± 19.9 |
59.0 ± 17.8 |
0.086 |
1 |
0.856 |
0.117 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmHg) |
98.0 ± 20.7 |
95.7 ± 22.0 |
104.5 ± 24.7 |
0.154 |
1 |
0.601 |
0.321 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) |
182.0 ± 38.0 |
192.0 ± 39.1 |
185.6 ± 41.4 |
0.687 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
28.8 ± 5.4 |
27.3 ± 3.7 |
27.6 ± 4.6 |
0.395 |
0.747 |
0.596 |
1 |
| Beta-blockers (yes/no) |
15/11 |
6/16 |
46/106 |
0.019 |
|
|
|
| Alphabeta-blockers (yes/no) |
1/25 |
3/19 |
17/135 |
0.465 |
|
|
|
| Alpha-blockers (yes/no) |
1/25 |
2/20 |
13/139 |
0.702 |
|
|
|
| Diuretics (yes/no) |
9/17 |
8/14 |
70/82 |
0.429 |
|
|
|
| ACE inhibitor (yes/no) |
10/16 |
8/14 |
57/95 |
0.989 |
|
|
|
| Dihydropyridine (yes/no) |
7/19 |
4/18 |
41/111 |
0.675 |
|
|
|
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) |
84.1 ± 17.5 |
81.2 ± 17.8 |
75.2 ± 19.1 |
0.045 |
1 |
0.077 |
0.479 |
| Renal involvement |
9/15/2 |
6/13/3 |
33/91/28 |
0.502 |
|
|
|
| IMT (mm) |
0.89 ± 0.11 |
1.19 ± 0.08 |
2.62 ± 1.61 |
<0.001 |
1 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
| LVMi g/m2 |
109.6 ± 19.0 |
126.7 ± 33.2 |
134.6 ± 30.9 |
<0.001 |
0.149 |
<0.001 |
0.744 |
| Left Ventricular hypertrophy (no/yes) | 20/6 | 11/11 | 49/103 | <0.001 | |||
Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation for continuous variables (i.e. age) and as number of patients per each group for categorical variable (i.e. gender).
The p-value refers to ANOVA and post-hoc comparison with Bonferroni corrections for continuous variables and to χ2 for categorical variables.