Table 5.

Adjusted effects of immune markers in maternal serum/breast milk whey on AS at ages 6 and 12 months

Immune marker†	aRR*	p-value
	(95% CI)
IL-13
High serum/high whey	1.62 (0.70, 3.75)	0.25
Low serum/high whey	5.62 (2.25, 14.03)	0.0002
Low serum/low whey	Reference
IL-5
High serum/high whey	2.13 (0.93, 4.88)	0.07
Low serum/high whey	0.77 (0.23, 2.57)	0.68
Low serum/low whey	Reference

* IL-5 and IL-13 were adjusted for child’s sex, maternal age during pregnancy, maternal race, smoking during pregnancy, pelvic infections during pregnancy, maternal history of asthma, eczema, and rhinitis, consumption of antibiotics during pregnancy, season of child’s birth, any respiratory infection during infancy, and household cigarette use at ages 6 and 12 months.

^† Gestational age, maternal education, pet exposure, and mode of delivery were removed from the models because they were not confounding.