Table 1.
Characteristics among older women and men
| Women (N=1584) | Men (N=1491) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leptin (ng/ml), mean (SD) | 21.4 ± 14.7 | 7.9 ± 6.9 | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml), mean (SD) | 13.3 ± 7.4 | 9.5 ± 5.6 | <0.001 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 73.5 ± 2.9 | 73.8 ± 2.9 | 0.013 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.7 ± 5.5 | 27.1 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Weight change (kg), mean (SD) | −0.37 ± 1.74 | −0.40 ± 1.94 | <0.001 |
| Total fat mass (kg), mean (SD) | 29.2 ± 9.3 | 24.2 ± 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Total lean mass (kg), mean (SD) | 41.3 ± 6.2 | 57.1 ± 7.3 | <0.001 |
| White, % | 53.9 | 63.2 | <0.001 |
| Education, % | <0.001 | ||
| <HS | 23.2 | 27.3 | |
| HS graduate | 39.5 | 25.5 | |
| Post secondary | 37.3 | 47.2 | |
| Memphis, % | 50.1 | 50.4 | 0.885 |
| Smoking, % | <0.001 | ||
| Never | 57.2 | 29.4 | |
| Current | 9.9 | 10.8 | |
| Former | 32.9 | 59.8 | |
| Alcohol, % | <0.001 | ||
| No consumption in last year | 57.7 | 42.6 | |
| < 1 per week | 21.9 | 19.6 | |
| 1–7 per week | 16.9 | 26.2 | |
| >1 per day | 3.5 | 11.6 | |
| Dietary calcium (mg/day), mean (SD) | 753.2 ± 363.6 | 817.3 ± 428.9 | <0.001 |
| Supplementary calcium, % | 28.4 | 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Dietary vitamin D (IU/day), mean (SD) | 192.6 ± 131.1 | 225.9 ± 147.5 | <0.001 |
| Supplementary vitamin D, % | 13.4 | 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (kcal/week), median (IQR) | 298.5 (26.7–920.4) | 688.0 (165.1–1832.1) | <0.001 |
| History of fracture after age 45, % | 27.4 | 16.1 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 16.3 | 22.0 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 77.6 | 74.0 | 0.020 |
| MI, % | 17.9 | 22.4 | 0.051 |
| NSAID use, % | 25.2 | 18.4 | <0.001 |
| Hip aBMD (g/cm2) | 0.81 ± 0.15 | 0.97 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
| Whole body BMD (g/cm2) | 1.01 ± 0.11 | 1.17 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |