Table 2.
Characteristics by leptin and adiponectin tertiles in older women and men
| Leptin | Adiponectin | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Low | Middle | High | P Trend | Low | Middle | High | P Trend | |
| Women | N=518 | N=517 | N=517 | N=562 | N=501 | N=505 | ||
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 0.3–12.4 | 12.5–24.1 | 24.2–99.3 | <0.001 | - | - | - | |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | - | - | - | 1.0–9.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 16.0–49.0 | <0.001 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 73.8 ± 3.0 | 73.5 ± 2.8 | 73.2 ± 2.8 | 0.001 | 73.1 ± 2.8 | 73.4 ± 2.8 | 74.1 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.7 ± 3.9 | 27.4 ± 4.0 | 31.8 ± 5.0 | <0.001 | 30.1 ± 5.4 | 27.5 ± 5.1 | 25.3 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
| Weight change (kg), mean (SD) | −0.22 ± 1.39 | −0.30 ± 1.67 | −0.56 ± 2.07 | 0.002 | −0.40 ± 1.50 | −0.31 ± 1.35 | −0.38 ± 2.25 | 0.780 |
| Total fat mass (kg), mean (SD) | 22.1 ± 6.7 | 28.6 ± 6.1 | 36.7 ± 8.4 | <0.001 | 32.5 ± 9.3 | 29.3 ± 8.8 | 25.4 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| Total lean mass (kg), mean (SD) | 38.3 ± 5.0 | 40.9 ± 5.7 | 44.6 ± 6.0 | <0.001 | 44.1 ± 6.3 | 40.8 ± 5.8 | 38.7 ± 5.1 | <0.001 |
| White, % | 68.0 | 55.3 | 39.1 | <0.001 | 29.9 | 61.9 | 72.9 | <0.001 |
| Education, % | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| <HS | 18.0 | 21.8 | 29.6 | 33.1 | 17.7 | 17.8 | ||
| HS graduate | 40.1 | 42.2 | 37.4 | 37.2 | 42.8 | 38.8 | ||
| Post secondary | 41.9 | 37.0 | 33.0 | 29.7 | 39.6 | 43.4 | ||
| Memphis, % | 47.7 | 46.8 | 56.1 | 0.007 | 48.0 | 49.7 | 52.9 | 0.117 |
| Smoking, % | 0.136 | 0.007 | ||||||
| Never | 58.7 | 54.9 | 57.7 | 53.0 | 58.0 | 61.1 | ||
| Current | 13.5 | 11.0 | 5.2 | 10.9 | 8.8 | 9.9 | ||
| Former | 27.8 | 34.0 | 37.1 | 36.1 | 33.2 | 29.0 | ||
| Alcohol, % | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||||
| No consumption in last year | 54.3 | 55.9 | 62.6 | 65.1 | 54.2 | 52.8 | ||
| < 1 per week | 21.9 | 22.8 | 21.1 | 20.8 | 22.8 | 22.2 | ||
| 1–7 per week | 19.7 | 16.6 | 14.5 | 11.2 | 20.0 | 20.2 | ||
| >1 per day | 4.1 | 4.7 | 1.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.8 | ||
| Dietary calcium (mg/day), mean (SD) | 788.1 ± 375.0 | 732.7 ± 357.2 | 743.9 ± 358.7 | 0.065 | 764.5 ± 388.6 | 729.2 ± 345.2 | 764.5 ± 352.9 | 0.970 |
| Supplementary calcium, % | 37.7 | 26.4 | 21.1 | <0.001 | 20.4 | 30.5 | 35.1 | <0.001 |
| Dietary vitamin D (IU/day), mean (SD) | 212.8 ± 140.2 | 178.3 ± 123.5 | 186.7 ± 127.4 | 0.002 | 192.9 ± 134.4 | 184.9 ± 122.7 | 199.7 ± 135.2 | 0.450 |
| Supplementary vitamin D, % | 18.7 | 12.0 | 8.7 | <0.001 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 17.3 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (kcal/week), median (IQR) | 425 (55–1040) | 289 (47–895) | 213 (5–788) | <0.001 | 207 (8–793) | 343 (42–1025) | 371 (70–898) | 0.001 |
| History of fracture after age 45, % | 30.9 | 27.3 | 24.0 | 0.013 | 20.7 | 27.7 | 34.5 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 10.7 | 16.0 | 21.9 | <0.001 | 30.1 | 10.7 | 6.3 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 72.0 | 78.1 | 82.2 | <0.001 | 84.3 | 76.5 | 71.3 | <0.001 |
| MI, % | 8.3 | 8.3 | 6.6 | 0.299 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 0.529 |
| NSAID use, % | 21.0 | 26.0 | 27.9 | 0.011 | 23.6 | 24.5 | 27.6 | 0.140 |
| Hip aBMD (g/cm2) | 0.75 ± 0.14 | 0.80 ± 0.13 | 0.88 ± 0.14 | <0.001 | 0.87 ± 0.14 | 0.80 ± 0.14 | 0.75 ± 0.14 | <0.001 |
| Whole body BMD (g/cm2) | 0.99 ± 0.11 | 1.00 ± 0.11 | 1.04 ± 0.11 | <0.001 | 1.05 ± 0.11 | 1.01 ± 0.11 | 0.98 ± 0.11 | <0.001 |
| Men | N=488 | N=491 | N=489 | N=519 | N=452 | N=505 | ||
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 0.1–4.3 | 4.4–8.4 | 8.5–60.3 | <0.001 | - | - | - | |
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | - | - | - | 1.0–6.0 | 7.0–10.0 | 11.0–53.0 | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 73.8 ± 2.9 | 73.7 ± 2.8 | 73.7 ± 2.9 | 0.307 | 73.4 ± 2.8 | 73.7 ± 2.9 | 74.1 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.2 ± 2.8 | 27.1 ± 3.0 | 29.9 ± 3.8 | <0.001 | 28.1 ± 3.7 | 27.1 ± 3.9 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | <0.001 |
| Weight change (kg), mean (SD) | −0.33 ± 2.18 | −0.36 ± 1.67 | −0.51 ± 1.94 | 0.163 | −0.43 ± 1.81 | −0.38 ± 2.18 | −0.37 ± 1.84 | 0.615 |
| Total fat mass (kg), mean (SD) | 18.2 ± 4.4 | 24.4 ± 4.8 | 29.8 ± 6.9 | <0.001 | 25.2 ± 6.8 | 24.6 ± 7.0 | 22.7 ± 7.5 | <0.001 |
| Total lean mass (kg), mean (SD) | 54.2 ± 6.3 | 57.3 ± 6.9 | 59.7 ± 7.7 | <0.001 | 58.8 ± 7.4 | 57.3 ± 7.2 | 55.1 ± 6.9 | <0.001 |
| White, % | 63.3 | 68.0 | 57.9 | 0.078 | 49.3 | 64.8 | 76.2 | <0.001 |
| Education, % | 0.248 | 0.033 | ||||||
| <HS | 30.0 | 26.1 | 26.0 | 30.1 | 24.6 | 26.7 | ||
| HS graduate | 24.6 | 25.9 | 26.0 | 27.8 | 24.8 | 24.0 | ||
| Post secondary | 45.4 | 48.0 | 48.0 | 42.1 | 50.6 | 49.3 | ||
| Memphis, % | 46.5 | 52.3 | 52.8 | 0.049 | 48.9 | 48.0 | 53.9 | 0.117 |
| Smoking, % | 0.023 | 0.174 | ||||||
| Never | 31.1 | 27.8 | 29.9 | 29.7 | 33.0 | 25.8 | ||
| Current | 16.0 | 8.6 | 7.5 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 10.3 | ||
| Former | 52.9 | 63.6 | 62.6 | 58.9 | 55.3 | 63.8 | ||
| Alcohol, % | 0.051 | <0.001 | ||||||
| No consumption in last year | 39.0 | 43.4 | 45.4 | 47.1 | 41.1 | 39.3 | ||
| < 1 per week | 19.7 | 20.1 | 19.2 | 21.7 | 20.7 | 16.4 | ||
| 1–7 per week | 29.1 | 25.8 | 23.5 | 22.3 | 25.3 | 30.9 | ||
| >1 per day | 12.2 | 10.7 | 11.9 | 8.9 | 12.9 | 13.4 | ||
| Dietary calcium (mg/day), mean (SD) | 824.4 ± 431.3 | 807.5 ± 416.9 | 820.0 ± 440.5 | 0.878 | 802.1 ± 441.3 | 822.4 ± 445.1 | 828.0 ± 401.8 | 0.355 |
| Supplementary calcium, % | 7.6 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 0.887 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 0.089 |
| Dietary vitamin D (IU/day), mean (SD) | 225.8 ± 151.6 | 221.7 ± 138.7 | 230.8 ± 152.9 | 0.630 | 222.7 ± 153.4 | 221.6 ± 146.2 | 232.2 ± 142.2 | 0.330 |
| Supplementary vitamin D, % | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 0.080 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 0.142 |
| Physical activity (kcal/week), median (IQR) | 766 (189–1977) | 657 (121–1840) | 647 (178–1715) | 0.279 | 579 (148–1539) | 794 (172–2003) | 761 (178–1944) | 0.070 |
| History of fracture after age 45, % | 17.2 | 14.9 | 16.0 | 0.591 | 16.6 | 14.9 | 16.6 | 0.983 |
| Diabetes, % | 15.2 | 22.0 | 28.9 | <0.001 | 35.0 | 19.4 | 11.2 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 72.3 | 70.5 | 78.9 | 0.019 | 76.5 | 75.0 | 70.9 | 0.041 |
| MI, % | 16.8 | 12.5 | 17.6 | 0.715 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 13.7 | 0.211 |
| NSAID use, % | 17.7 | 18.3 | 19.1 | 0.583 | 16.7 | 17.8 | 20.8 | 0.094 |
| Hip aBMD (g/cm2) | 0.93 ± 0.15 | 0.97 ± 0.14 | 1.02 ± 0.15 | <0.001 | 1.02 ± 0.15 | 0.98 ± 0.14 | 0.92 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
| Whole body BMD (g/cm2) | 1.17 ± 0.12 | 1.17 ± 0.12 | 1.18 ± 0.12 | 0.026 | 1.20 ± 0.12 | 1.18 ± 0.12 | 1.15 ± 0.12 | <0.001 |