TABLE 3.
Odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) from logistic regression analyses examining associations between -physicians’ characteristics and their likelihood of recommending specific contraceptive methods
| Characteristic | Pill | Ring | Levonorgestrel IUD |
Patch | Injectable | Copper IUD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||
| Male (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 2.1 (1.3–3.6)** | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1)† | 0.6 (0.4–1.0)† |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Black | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6)** | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) |
| Hispanic | 0.9 (0.2–3.0) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8)* | 2.1 (0.6–6.5) | 1.3 (0.5–3.8) | 0.9 (0.3–2.9) | 3.0 (1.0–8.7)* |
| Asian | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9)* | 0.5 (0.3–1.1)† | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) |
| Other | 0.3 (0.1–1.2)† | 0.6 (0.1–2.6) | 0.3 (0.1–1.4) | 1.4 (0.3–5.3) | 2.2 (0.6–8.4) | 0.2 (0.03–2.1) |
| Age | ||||||
| ≤35 (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 36–45 | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7)** | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 1.9 (0.9–3.9)† | 0.5 (0.2–0.9)* |
| 46–55 | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1)† | 0.3 (0.1–0.6)*** | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | 1.8 (0.9–3.9) | 0.3 (0.2–0.7)** |
| ≥56 | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6)** | 0.2 (0.2–0.5)** | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 1.9 (0.8–4.4) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9)* |
| Specialty | ||||||
| Obstetrics-gynecology (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Family medicine | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0)* | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 2.6 (1.6–4.4)*** | 2.5 (1.5–4.3)** | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) |
| Frequency of prescribing contraceptives | ||||||
| Frequently (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Occasionally | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.6 (0.3–1.0)† | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) | 1.7 (0.9–2.9)† | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) |
| Board-certified | ||||||
| Yes | 2.1 (0.9–5.0)† | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 1.8 (0.8–4.4) |
| No (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Practice type | ||||||
| Academic (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Private | 2.9 (1.7–5.0)*** | 2.4 (1.4–4.2)** | 0.6 (0.4–1.0)† | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.6) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9)* |
| HMO | 1.5 (0.6–3.7) | 2.1 (0.8–5.4) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) | 2.0 (0.8–4.6) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) |
| Other‡ | 2.0 (0.9–4.5)† | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.0)† | 1.9 (0.9–3.8)† | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) |
| Region | ||||||
| Northeast (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Midwest | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) |
| South | 1.3 (0.6–2.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.6 (0.4–1.2) | 2.6 (1.4–4.9)** | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) |
| West | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 1.3(0.7–2.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) |
| Inserts IUDs | ||||||
| Yes | 0.4 (0.2–0.8)* | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 2.2 (1.2–4.1)* | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 1.7 (0.9–3.4) |
| No (ref) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
*
p<.05.
**
p<.01.
***
p<.001.
†
p<.10.
‡
Family planning clinic or community health center. Notes: A physician was considered to have recommended a method if his or her score for that method was higher than the physician’s mean recommendation score for all six methods. All models control for the standardized patient’s race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status and -gynecologic history; the model for the levonorgestrel IUD also includes an interaction term between patient’s race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status. ref=reference group.