Table 13.
Management of CKD in diabetes
| GFR | Recommended |
| All patients | Yearly measurement of creatinine, urinary albumin excretion, potassium |
| 45–60 | Referral to nephrology if possibility for nondiabetic kidney disease exists (duration of type 1 diabetes <10 years, heavy proteinuria, abnormal findings on renal ultrasound, resistant hypertension, rapid fall in GFR, or active urinary sediment on ultrasound) |
| Consider need for dose adjustment of medications | |
| Monitor eGFR every 6 months | |
| Monitor electrolytes, bicarbonate, hemoglobin, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone at least yearly | |
| Assure vitamin D sufficiency | |
| Consider bone density testing | |
| Referral for dietary counseling | |
| 30–44 | Monitor eGFR every 3 months |
| Monitor electrolytes, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, hemoglobin, albumin, weight every 3–6 months | |
| Consider need for dose adjustment of medications | |
| <30 | Referral to nephrologist |