FIG. 3.

Hallmarks of apoptosis. (A) DNA from Jurkat cell extracts was resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized by exposure to UV light. Pictures were taken using the DP12 Microscope Digital Camera System (Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., Melville, N.Y.), and the negative image was generated via Adobe Photoshop software (version 5.0.2). (B) Jurkat cell cultures were either untreated or exposed to extracellular Nef for various times. Caspase 3 activation was tested by Western blot analysis. The high-molecular-mass band is pro-caspase 3 (32 kDa), and the large catalytic subunit of active caspase 3 is 17 kDa. Tubulin (50 kDa) is the gel-loading control. Prestained SDS-polyacrylamide gel standard (broad range) (Bio-Rad Labs) was used as the molecular weight marker. The image was formatted using Adobe Photoshop software (version 5.0.2).