FIG. 1.

Univariate comparison of T cell activation markers. T cell activation in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-seropositive study participants randomized to valacyclovir or placebo and HIV-1-seronegative Kenyan women. This figure describes activated CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺ CD4⁺ T cells (A) and CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺ CD8⁺ T cells (B) among study participants randomized to take valacyclovir or placebo, measured at the 12 month time point, and a control group of HIV-1-seronegative women, measured at a single time point. Each central bar represents the median value, each box represents the 25th through 75th percentile (interquartile) range, and the whiskers include 1.5 times the interquartile range below the 25th percentile and above the 75th percentile values. p-values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test comparing medians. *Women in the control group were compared to all study participants at 12 months.