FIG. 4.

Combined administration of proteasome-modulating agents can synergistically induce rAAV transduction from the apical surface of polarized human airway epithelia. Particles (10⁹) of AV2.Luc (A and C) or AV2/5.Luc (B and D) were applied to the apical surface of polarized human airway epithelial cultures in the absence or presence of various combinations of LLnL (40 μM), Z-LLL (4 μM), and/or doxorubicin (DOX; 5 μM). Luciferase expression was assayed at 3 and at 17 days postinfection. Data represent the means (± standard errors of the means) of the relative luciferase activity (per well) results from three independent experiments. (E) Similar results were observed following apical infection with AV2.GFP under the above conditions. Representative fluorescent photomicrographs of GFP expression at 3 and 15 days postinfection are shown for the labeled conditions.