Table 1.
Clinical demographics in patients with and without impaired strains
| Variables | All patients (n = 87) |
Longitudinal strain (cutoff −17.1%) |
Circumferential strain (cutoff −17.0%) |
Radial strain (cutoff 29.4%) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preserved (n = 53) | Impaired (n = 34) | Preserved (n = 53) | Impaired (n = 34) | Preserved (n = 62) | Impaired (n = 25) | ||
| Age, years |
61.8 ± 9.3 |
60.5 ± 9.7 |
63.9 ± 8.2 |
61.4 ± 10.1 |
62.5 ± 7.9 |
61.3 ± 9.7 |
62.9 ± 8.3 |
| Male gender, % (n) |
39.6(36) |
42.9(24) |
34.3(12) |
33.9(19) |
48.6(17) |
59.7(37) |
64.0(16) |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
25.7 ± 4.3 |
*25.01 ± 4.2 |
26.9 ± 4.2 |
25.3 ± 4.0 |
26.3 ± 4.7 |
25.2 ± 4.4 |
26.9 ± 4.2 |
| SBP, mmHg |
137 ± 16 |
137 ± 16 |
138 ± 16 |
138 ± 15 |
138 ± 17 |
136 ± 16 |
141 ± 16 |
| DBP, mmHg |
78 ± 8 |
78 ± 8 |
78 ± 8 |
77 ± 9 |
78 ± 7 |
77 ± 8 |
79 ± 8 |
| Duration of disease, years |
9.9 ± 7.7 |
8.9 ± 8.0 |
11.8 ± 7.0 |
8.9 ± 6.9 |
11.7 ± 8.9 |
10.4 ± 8.2 |
9.0 ± 7.2 |
| Insulin therapy, % (n) |
19.8(18) |
*37.1(13) |
8.9(5) |
19.6(11) |
20.0(7) |
17.7(11) |
24.0(6) |
| Smoker, % (n) |
17.6(16) |
17.9(10) |
17.1(6) |
16.1(9) |
20.0(7) |
14.5(9) |
20.0(5) |
| Hypertension, % (n) |
60.4(55) |
57.1(32) |
65.7(23) |
57.1(32) |
65.7(23) |
61.3(38) |
52.0(13) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L |
4.9 ± 0.8 |
5.02 ± 0.90 |
4.83 ± 0.73 |
5.01 ± 0.85 |
4.84 ± 0.82 |
4.97 ± 0.86 |
4.95 ± 0.78 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L |
1.4 ± 0.8 |
1.36 ± 0.80 |
1.42 ± 0.75 |
1.43 ± 0.79 |
1.31 ± 0.77 |
1.32 ± 0.77 |
1.53 ± 0.81 |
| High density lipoprotein, mmol/L |
1.4 ± 0.4 |
1.39 ± 0.37 |
1.44 ± 0.45 |
1.40 ± 0.36 |
1.42 ± 0.45 |
1.42 ± 0.45 |
1.40 ± 0.24 |
| Low density lipoprotein, mmol/L |
2.9 ± 0.7 |
3.01 ± 0.75 |
2.72 ± 0.62 |
2.95 ± 0.70 |
2.83 ± 0.74 |
2.93 ± 0.71 |
2.86 ± 0.72 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L |
7.57 ± 2.07 |
7.19 ± 1.78 |
8.11 ± 2.34 |
7.49 ± 2.31 |
7.68 ± 1.68 |
7.68 ± 2.19 |
7.52 ± 1.70 |
| Creatinine, umol/L |
77.1 ± 25.1 |
76.8 ± 27.58 |
77.6 ± 21.1 |
77.3 ± 28.5 |
76.8 ± 19.0 |
74.1 ± 15.9 |
77.1 ± 23.6 |
| hs-CRP, mg/L |
1.49 ± 2.18 |
1.36 ± 1.75 |
1.72 ± 2.80 |
1.65 ± 2.71 |
1.27 ± 0.98 |
1.33 ± 1.68 |
1.90 ± 3.09 |
| SOD, U/ml |
0.17 ± 0.08 |
0.18 ± 0.09 |
0.15 ± 0.06 |
**0.20 ± 0.08 |
0.13 ± 0.06 |
0.17 ± 0.09 |
0.16 ± 0.08 |
| HbA1c, % |
7.72 ± 1.24 |
*7.51 ± 1.22 |
8.07 ± 1.20 |
7.70 ± 1.21 |
7.75 ± 1.30 |
7.83 ± 1.32 |
7.54 ± 1.00 |
| CD34+ EPCs, % |
3.38 ± 2.07 |
*3.74 ± 2.12 |
2.82 ± 1.87 |
**3.87 ± 2.10 |
2.63 ± 1.80 |
*3.69 ± 1.99 |
2.62 ± 2.08 |
| CD133+ EPCs, % |
0.44 ± 0.45 |
0.44 ± 0.47 |
0.45 ± 0.43 |
0.50 ± 0.49 |
0.35 ± 0.38 |
0.46 ± 0.47 |
0.41 ± 0.42 |
| CD34+/KDR + EPCs, % |
0.85 ± 0.69 |
0.89 ± 0.57 |
0.78 ± 0.85 |
0.92 ± 0.78 |
0.74 ± 0.52 |
0.91 ± 0.75 |
0.70 ± 0.49 |
| CD133+/KDR + EPCs, % | 0.25 ± 0.28 | 0.25 ± 0.30 | 0.25 ± 0.28 | 0.28 ± 0.32 | 0.21 ± 0.20 | 0.28 ± 0.32 | 0.19 ± 0.14 |
* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; EPCs = endothelial progenitor cells; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; hs-CRP = High sensitivity C-reactive protein; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SOD = superoxide dismutase.