Table 3. Comparison of cranial kinematic data between climbing and feeding for Sicyopterus stimpsoni , showing results of Mann-Whitney U tests for mean maximum values, and divergence angles for kinematic profile vectors.

	Maximum values
Kinematic Variables	Feeding(N = 96 cycles)	Climbing(N = 36 cycles)	P-Values*	Divergence angle for kinematic profile vectors (°)
Cranial elevation angle (°)	5.824±0.234	7.173±1.858	0.0004	7.56
Premaxillary protrusion angle (°)	25.031±0.384	22.897±0.705	0.0319	3.60
Premaxillary protrusion length (BL)	0.031±4.570×10−4	0.035±0.001	0.0064	4.23
Hyoid retraction angle (°)	43.408±0.525	61.131±1.016	<0.0001	4.85
Hyoid retraction length (BL)	0.014±0.001	0.028±0.003	<0.0001	20.96
Mandibular retraction length (BL)	0.019±0.001	0.034±0.002	<0.0001	17.70
Opercular expansion length (BL)	0.171±0.001	0.132±0.008	0.0128	3.65
Oral Sucker Area (BL2)	0.007±9.617×10−5	0.005±0.001	0.0382	9.58

^*All Mann-Whitney U tests indicate significant differences between feeding and climbing at P<0.05.