Table 3.
Main effects of Time and Group and their interaction effect on primary and secondary outcome measures (CI=95%,) *
| Outcome measure | Effects | df | F | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FRI** |
Time |
2 |
75.92 |
<.001* |
|
Group |
1 |
3.90 |
.004* |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
1.03 |
.31 |
|
|
VAS** |
Time |
2 |
80.11 |
<0.001* |
|
Group |
1 |
.00 |
.48 |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
.514 |
.98 |
|
|
Lumbar flexion |
Time |
2 |
3.47 |
.09 |
|
Group |
1 |
3.16 |
.02* |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
1.48 |
.23 |
|
|
Lumbar extension |
Time |
2 |
1.53 |
.11 |
|
Group |
1 |
4.12 |
.03* |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
1.61 |
.21 |
|
|
Endurance time |
Time |
2 |
0.63 |
.43 |
|
Group |
1 |
3.05 |
.05* |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
1.99 |
.17 |
|
|
Right Illiocostalis Lumborum |
Time |
2 |
.39 |
.53 |
|
Group |
1 |
.01 |
.93 |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
.52 |
.41 |
|
|
Right Multifidus |
Time |
2 |
.06 |
.16 |
|
Group |
1 |
.16 |
.69 |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
.52 |
.48 |
|
|
Right Gluteus Maximus |
Time |
2 |
3.41 |
.73 |
|
Group |
1 |
.02 |
.89 |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
.52 |
.47 |
|
|
Right Biceps Femoris |
Time |
2 |
5.38 |
.86 |
|
Group |
1 |
.02 |
.79 |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
.05 |
.82 |
|
|
Left Iliocostalis Lumborum |
Time |
2 |
3.65 |
.06 |
|
Group |
1 |
.87 |
.35 |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
.38 |
.54 |
|
|
Left Multifidus |
Time |
2 |
1.49 |
.23 |
|
Group |
1 |
.14 |
.71 |
|
|
Time*Group |
2 |
1.22 |
.27 |
|
|
Left Gluteus Maximus |
Time |
2 |
.98 |
.33 |
|
Group |
1 |
.95 |
.33 |
|
| Time*Group | 2 | .86 | .36 |
*The effect of the US versus placebo US on outcome measures was analyzed using a Group (US and placebo US) × Time (Pre, Post, and follow-up) mixed model ANOVA at significance level ≤ .05.
**FRI: Functional Rating Index, VAS: Visual Analog Scale.