Table 3.

miRNAs with disputed expression levels and their functional role in GBM

miRNA	Target	Functional role when overexpressed	Functional role when underexpressed	References
				Overexpression in GBM	Underexpression in GBM
Hsa-mir-19a	CTGF		Viability↓, Apoptosis↑, Proliferation↓	[24–26, 30]	[34]
Hsa-mir-26b	EphA2a	Proliferation↓, Invasiveness↓, Angiogenesis↓		[31]	[26, 107]
Hsa-mir-27b	WEE1		Proliferation↓, Apoptosis↑, Invasiveness↓	[126]	[25]
Hsa-mir-106a	E2F1	Proliferation↓, Apoptosis↑		[24, 26, 35]	[45, 127]
Hsa-mir-143			Invasiveness↓	[6]	[26]
Hsa-mir-145bc	Oct4, SOX2	In vivo tumor volume↓, Migration↓, Stemness↓, Chemosensitivity↑, Radiosensitivity↑	Invasiveness↓	[6, 86]	[11]
Hsa-mir-205	VEGF-Aa	Proliferation↓, Apoptosis↑, Invasiveness↓		[26]	[99]
Hsa-mir-451b	PI3K/Akt-pathway, CAB39a	Proliferation↓, Invasion↓, Stemness↓, Neurosphere formation↓, Proliferation↑	Migration↑	[23, 87, 89]	[35, 52, 88, 89]

miRNAs found to be both up- and downregulated in GBM and their functional role. The table presents miRNAs, which have been reported with differential expression levels in GBM between different research groups. Only miRNAs that are investigated in greater than or equal to five studies and/or have a validated target are included in this table. The effects of upregulation or downregulation and validated targets are presented. The cell lines applied in the annotated studies can be found in Supplementary Table 1

^aTargets involved in the mesenchymal mode of migration and invasion

^bMentioned in the section “miRNAs with disputed expression levels”

^cmiRNAs whose upregulation is shown to inhibit tumor growth in vivo