Figure 1.

Cytopathic effects associated to viroid infection. Plasmalemmasomes in tomato infected by PSTVd (A), and in avocado infected by ASBVd (B). Normal and malformed chloroplasts with irregularly stacked thylakoids and wide interspaces (denoted with arrows) in healthy and PSTVd-infected tomato [(C,D) respectively], and in peach healthy and infected with a PLMVd latent variant [(E,F) respectively). Bar = 50 nm. (A,C,D) have been reproduced (with modifications) from Hari (1980; Copyright The American Phytopathological Society), and (B) from Da Graça and Martin, 1981; Copyright John Wiley and Sons), in all cases with permission.