TABLE 1.
Historical Cohort Study of Football Players vs Non–Football Players and Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseasesa
| Football players (N=438) | Band/glee club/choir members (N=140) | HR | 95% CI | P valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follow-up | |||||
| Years of follow-upc | 50.2 (13.7, 57.5) | 42.7 (8.8, 55.4) | … | … | .03 |
| Age at follow-upc | 68.4 (31.5, 75.6) | 59.1 (26.7, 73.4) | … | … | .01 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Dementia | 13 | 2 | 1.58 | 0.36-7.01 | .55 |
| Parkinson disease | 10 | 5 | 0.48 | 0.17-1.42 | .19 |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | 2 | 1 | 0.52 | 0.05-5.68 | .59 |
a
HR = hazards ratio; CI = confidence interval.
b
P values are for the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
c
Values are median (25th percentile, 75th percentile).