Table 2.
Results of nested ANOVAs for larval time (A), pupal time (B), larval growth rate (C) and pupal mass (D)
| A) Larval time | DF | MS | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selection Regime |
1,6 |
205.6 |
1.0 |
0.3453 |
| Inbreeding Level |
2,6 |
87.2 |
0.4 |
0.6614 |
| Replicate Line [Sel. Reg. & Inbr.] |
6,110 |
216.0 |
9.4 |
<0.0001 |
| Repl. Cage [Sel., Inbr. & Repl.] |
108,4640 |
23.5 |
3.8 |
<0.0001 |
| Rearing Temperature |
1,4640 |
565906.0 |
90265.2 |
<0.0001 |
| Sex |
1,4640 |
5780.5 |
922.0 |
<0.0001 |
| Selection Reg. * Inbreeding Level |
2,6 |
236.5 |
1.2 |
0.3635 |
| Selection Reg. * Rearing Temp. |
1,4640 |
107.4 |
17.1 |
<0.0001 |
| Selection Reg. * Sex |
1,4640 |
11.2 |
1.8 |
0.1819 |
| Inbreeding Level * Rearing Temp. |
2,4640 |
139.2 |
22.2 |
<0.0001 |
| Inbreeding Level * Sex |
2,4640 |
14.4 |
2.3 |
0.1007 |
| Rearing Temp. * Sex |
1,4640 |
219.6 |
35.0 |
<0.0001 |
| Sel. Reg. * Inbreed. * Rear. Temp. |
2,4640 |
49.9 |
8.0 |
0.0004 |
| Sel. Reg. * Rearing Temp. * Sex |
1,4640 |
25.0 |
25.0 |
0.0457 |
| Error |
4640 |
6.3 |
|
|
|
B) Pupal time |
DF |
MS |
F |
P |
| Selection Regime |
1,6 |
1.4 |
0.1 |
0.7627 |
| Inbreeding Level |
2,6 |
9.2 |
0.6 |
0.5567 |
| Replicate Line [Sel. Reg. & Inbr.] |
6,111 |
15.6 |
11.7 |
<0.0001 |
| Repl. Cage [Sel., Inbr. & Repl.] |
108,4639 |
1.4 |
2.5 |
<0.0001 |
| Rearing Temperature |
1,4639 |
24740.3 |
45323.1 |
<0.0001 |
| Sex |
1,4639 |
376.4 |
689.6 |
<0.0001 |
| Selection Reg. * Inbreeding Level |
2,6 |
1.7 |
0.1 |
0.8888 |
| Selection Reg. * Rearing Temp. |
1,4639 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.5196 |
| Selection Reg. * Sex |
1,4639 |
0.8 |
8.8 |
0.3708 |
| Inbreeding Level * Rearing Temp. |
2,4639 |
12.8 |
23.4 |
<0.0001 |
| Inbreeding Level * Sex |
2,4639 |
3.0 |
5.5 |
0.0041 |
| Rearing Temp. * Sex |
1,4639 |
13.6 |
24.9 |
<0.0001 |
| Sel. Reg. * Inbreed. * Rear. Temp. |
2,3941 |
3.5 |
6.3 |
0.0018 |
| Inbreed. * Rear. Temp. * Sex |
2,4639 |
2.2 |
4.1 |
0.0173 |
| Error |
4639 |
0.5 |
|
|
|
C) Growth rate |
DF |
MS |
F |
P |
| Selection Regime |
1,6 |
5.7 |
0.1 |
0.7710 |
| Inbreeding Level |
2,6 |
40.9 |
0.7 |
0.5514 |
| Replicate Line [Sel. Reg. & Inbr.] |
6,109 |
68.1 |
8.2 |
<0.0001 |
| Repl. Cage [Sel., Inbr. & Repl.] |
108,4641 |
8.6 |
4.3 |
<0.0001 |
| Rearing Temperature |
1,4641 |
79417.9 |
40343.3 |
<0.0001 |
| Sex |
1,4641 |
154.2 |
78.3 |
<0.0001 |
| Selection Reg. * Inbreeding Level |
2,6 |
43.2 |
0.7 |
0.5353 |
| Selection Reg. * Rearing Temp. |
1,4641 |
2.1 |
1.1 |
0.3012 |
| Selection Reg. * Sex |
1,4641 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.6716 |
| Inbreeding Level * Rearing Temp. |
2,4641 |
33.0 |
16.8 |
<0.0001 |
| Inbreeding Level * Sex |
2,4641 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.7479 |
| Rearing Temp. * Sex |
1,4641 |
31.3 |
15.9 |
<0.0001 |
| Sel. Reg. * Inbreed. * Rear. Temp. |
2,4641 |
8.8 |
4.5 |
0.0115 |
| Error |
4641 |
2.0 |
|
|
|
D) Pupal mass |
DF |
MS |
F |
P |
| Selection Regime |
1,6 |
2366.2 |
0.6 |
0.4880 |
| Inbreeding Level |
2,6 |
38734.6 |
8.9 |
0.0156 |
| Replicate Line [Sel. Reg. & Inbr.] |
6,110 |
4746.8 |
3.2 |
0.0064 |
| Repl. Cage [Sel., Inbr. & Repl.] |
108,4641 |
1527.4 |
3.8 |
<0.0001 |
| Rearing Temperature |
1,4641 |
156622.0 |
389.2 |
<0.0001 |
| Sex |
1,4641 |
1661991.0 |
4143.6 |
<0.0001 |
| Selection Reg. * Inbreeding Level |
2,6 |
231.4 |
0.1 |
0.9487 |
| Selection Reg. * Rearing Temp. |
1,4641 |
949.7 |
2.4 |
0.1239 |
| Selection Reg. * Sex |
1,4641 |
251.4 |
0.6 |
0.4286 |
| Inbreeding Level * Rearing Temp. |
2,4641 |
1285.1 |
3.2 |
0.0407 |
| Inbreeding Level * Sex |
2,4641 |
1253.2 |
3.1 |
0.0441 |
| Rearing Temp. * Sex |
1,4641 |
295.4 |
0.7 |
0.3908 |
| Sel. Reg. * Inbreed. * Rear. Temp. |
2,4641 |
2182.8 |
5.4 |
0.0044 |
| Error | 4641 | 400.5 |
Results for the effects of selection regime (selection vs. control), inbreeding level (C, I1, I2), replicate line, replicate cage, rearing temperature (20 vs. 27°C), and sex on larval time (A), pupal time (B), larval growth rate (C), and pupal mass (D) in Bicyclus anynana. Replicate line was nested within selection regime and inbreeding level, and replicate cage was nested within replicate line, inbreeding level and selection regime. Both latter factors were included as random effects, while all others were considered fixed effects. Minimum adequate models were constructed by sequentially removing non-significant interaction terms. Significant P-values are given in bold.