Table 2.

Characteristics and details of intervention groups

Needs level	Moderate needs		High needs
Treatment acronym	ICM	ER-ICM	ACT
Treatment name	Intensive Case Management	Ethno-Racial Intensive Case Management	Assertive Case Management
Rent allowance#	$600	$600	$600
Service team	Intensive case management (ICM)	Intensive case management (ICM) with focus on ethno-racial diversity	Assertive community treatment (ACT)
Name of service team	Toronto North Support Services	Across Boundaries	COTA Health
Participant/staff ratio	20:1	20:1	10:1
Availability to participant	5 days/week; 8 hours/day	7 days/week; 12 hours/day	7 days/week; 24 hours/day
Location of service	In the community	In the community	In the community
Services provided	▪ Participants are matched to a Case Manager who works with the participant to develop a service plan	▪ Same as the regular ICM services with the addition of services oriented towards the ethno-racial population	▪ Participants have access to entire ACT team, which will include a psychiatrist and nurse
	▪ Focus is on independent living and providing supports that increase personal independence over time	▪ This service provider takes a more holistic approach to mental health care that recognizes spiritual, emotion, mental, physical, social, economic, cultural, linguistic and broader environmental aspects of life including social determinants of health	▪ ACT team provides all of the relevant services, including case management, initial/ongoing assessment, psychiatric services, employment and housing assistance, family support and education, substance use services and other services and support to allow the individual to live successfully in the community
	▪ Case manger will accompanies participant to appointments (with psychiatrist/social workers, etc.)	▪ Main goal of model is to assist participants to help build support network, including with family and friends
Additional services		▪ Programs and initiatives that are available to participants:
		– integrative peer support
		– skills building
		– social and recreational activities
		– support groups, alternative and complementary therapies (including art and music therapy)
		– creative expressions
		– community kitchen and
		– individual and community outreach
Crisis support services	Yes	Yes	Yes
Non-English services1	No	Yes	No
Length of treatment	Minimum 1 year	Minimum 1 year	Minimum 1 year

¹Services are provided in languages other than English.