Figure 1. Effects of increasing extracellular calcium concentration from 0.62 to 3.75 mM and of treatment with increasing concentrations (10−8 to 10−2 M) of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol on force development in isolated left ventricle papillary muscles.
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity (nmol His-Leu/ml−1) in serum and plasmatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels from SHAM, ovariectomized (OVX) and ovariectomized plus carvedilol (OVX+CAR) rats 60 days postsurgery. Force (g/g) values are expressed as the means ± S.E.M. * Significantly different from SHAM and # from OVX (p<0.05) using two-way ANOVA, repeated measures and Tukey post hoc test.