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. 2012 Nov 8;2(12):3160–3167. doi: 10.1002/ece3.424

Table 1.

Analyses of landscape impacts on gene flow among populations of two amphibian species

Rana temporaria Triturus alpestris


Source Estimate P-value 95% CI Estimate P-value 95% CI
A. Type of land cover
 Intercept 3.185 0.0570 4.079 0.0001
 Forest 0.093 0.1185 −0.056, 0.250 0.180 0.1262 −0.118, 0.487
 Field 0.086 0.0203 0.169,0.003 −0.019 0.3885 −0.138, 0.099
 Urban 0.181 0.0000 0.283,0.079 0.365 0.0000 0.547,0.169
B. Landscape element
 Intercept 3.268 0.0215 4.156 0.0001
 Distance (km) −0.029 0.2028 −0.097, 0.038 0.128 0.0127 0.018, 0.239
 Rivers 0.189 0.1781 −0.227, 0.583 0.128 0.3703 −0.637, 0.871
 Secondary roads 0.016 0.0318 0.034,0.001 0.050 0.0003 0.082,0.015
 Divided highways −0.118 0.0955 −0.296, 0.061 0.511 0.0012 0.873,0.140
C. Building and pond density
 Intercept 3.346 0.0001 4.242 0.0001
 Lens area (ha) 0.006 0.0173 0.012, 0.001 −0.001 0.4111 −0.008, 0.006
 Building density 0.118 0.0075 0.219,0.015 0.219 0.0001 0.345, 0.060
 Pond density −0.389 0.0703 −0.930, 0.472 0.008 0.6635 −0.070, 0.142

P-values and 95% confidence intervals come from 9999 permutations of the response variables (see eqs 13). Coefficients for lens area in part C are multiplied by 10. Samples sizes are 284 dispersal paths for R. temporaria and 183 paths for T. alpestris. Boldface highlights significant results.